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- Network Working Group EARN Staff
- Request for Comments: 1580 EARN Association
- FYI: 23 March 1994
- Category: Informational
-
-
- Guide to Network Resource Tools
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
- does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
- 2. GOPHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
- 2.1. What is Gopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
- 2.2. Who can use Gopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
- 2.3. How to get to Gopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
- 2.3.1. Local clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
- 2.3.2. Remote clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
- 2.4. Using Gopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
- 2.5. VERONICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
- 2.6. Learning more about Gopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
- 3. WORLD-WIDE WEB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
- 3.1. What is World-Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
- 3.2. Who can use World-Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
- 3.3. How to get to World-Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- 3.3.1. Local clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- 3.3.2. Remote clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- 3.3.2.1. E-mail access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- 3.4. Using World-Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
- 3.5. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
- 3.6. Learning more about World-Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
- 4. WAIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
- 4.1. What is WAIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
- 4.2. Who can use WAIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
- 4.3. How to get to WAIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
- 4.4. Using WAIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
- 4.4.1. E-mail access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
- 4.5. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
- 4.6 Learning more about WAIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
- 5. ARCHIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
- 5.1. What is ARCHIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
- 5.2. Who can use ARCHIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
- 5.3. How to get to ARCHIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 5.4. Using ARCHIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
- 5.4.1. Using a local client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
- 5.4.1.1. Archie client command and parameters . . . . . . . . . 29
- 5.4.2. Using Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
- 5.4.3. Using electronic mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
- 5.5. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
- 5.6. Learning more about ARCHIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
- 6. WHOIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
- 6.1. What is WHOIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
- 6.2. Who can use WHOIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- 6.3. How to get to WHOIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- 6.4. Using WHOIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- 6.4.1. Using a local client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
- 6.4.2. Using Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
- 6.4.3. Using electronic mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
- 6.5. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
- 6.6. Learning more about WHOIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
- 7. X.500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
- 7.1. What is X.500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
- 7.2. Who can use X.500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
- 7.3. How to get to X.500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
- 7.4. Using X.500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
- 7.4.1. Using a local client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
- 7.4.2. Using Telnet or X.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- 7.4.3. Using electronic mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
- 7.5. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
- 7.6. Learning more about X.500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
- 8. NETFIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
- 8.1. What is NETFIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
- 8.2. Who can use NETFIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
- 8.3. How to get to NETFIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
- 8.4. Using NETFIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
- 8.4.1. Local access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
- 8.4.2. Remote access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
- 8.5. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
- 8.6. Learning more about NETFIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
- 9. TRICKLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
- 9.1. What is TRICKLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
- 9.2. Who can use TRICKLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
- 9.3 How to get to TRICKLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
- 9.4. Using TRICKLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
- 9.5. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
- 9.6. Learning more about TRICKLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
- 10. BITFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
- 10.1. What is BITFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
- 10.2. Who can use BITFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
- 10.3. How to get to BITFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
- 10.4. Using BITFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 10.5. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
- 10.6. Learning more about BITFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
- 11. LISTSERV (Version 1.7f). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
- 11.1. What is LISTSERV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
- 11.2. Who can use LISTSERV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
- 11.3. How to get to LISTSERV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
- 11.4. Using LISTSERV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
- 11.4.1. Commands for LISTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
- 11.4.2. Commands for FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
- 11.4.3. LISTSERV DATABASE Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
- 11.4.4. Commands for INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
- 11.5. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
- 11.6. Learning more about LISTSERV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
- 12. NETNEWS (USENET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
- 12.1. What is NETNEWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
- 12.2. Who can use NETNEWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
- 12.3. How to get to NETNEWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
- 12.4. Using NETNEWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
- 12.5. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
- 12.6. Learning more about NETNEWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
- 13. OTHER TOOLS OF INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
- 13.1. ASTRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
- 13.1.1. What is ASTRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
- 13.1.2. How to get to ASTRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
- 13.1.3. Learning more about ASTRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
- 13.2. NETSERV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
- 13.2.1. What is NETSERV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
- 13.2.2. How to get to NETSERV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
- 13.2.3. Learning more about NETSERV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
- 13.3. MAILBASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
- 13.3.1. What is MAILBASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
- 13.3.2. How to get to MAILBASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
- 13.3.3. Learning more about MAILBASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
- 13.4. PROSPERO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
- 13.4.1. What is PROSPERO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
- 13.4.2. How to get to PROSPERO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
- 13.4.3. Learning more about PROSPERO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
- 13.5. IRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
- 13.5.1. What is IRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
- 13.5.2. How to get to IRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
- 13.5.3. Learning more about IRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
- 13.6. RELAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
- 13.6.1. What is RELAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
- 13.6.2. How to get to RELAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
- 13.6.3. Learning more about RELAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
- 14. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
- 15. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
- 16. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 17. Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
- 18. Appendix A - Freely available networking software . . . . . 103
- 18.1. Gopher clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
- 18.2. World-Wide Web clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
- 18.3. WAIS clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
- 18.4. Netnews - news reader software . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- As the worldwide academic computer network grows and expands far
- beyond its previous confines, so the resources and services available
- on the network evolve and multiply at a dizzying rate. The typical
- user is hardpressed to keep up with this explosive growth.
- Fortunately, a number of tools are available to facilitate the task
- of locating and retrieving network resources, so that users anywhere
- can utilize texts, data, software and information for public access.
- Facilities to explore public domain software repositories, to consult
- mailing list archives and databases, to retrieve directory
- information and to participate in global group discussions are now
- available to all.
-
- The key to exploiting these resources is a server, special software
- on a computer somewhere in the network which accepts requests (or
- queries or commands) and sends a response automatically. The
- requestor does not have to be working on the same computer (or even
- in the same part of the world) in order to use the server. Many
- servers accept requests via electronic mail, so that often the
- requestor needs not even be on the same computer network as the
- server. In many cases, servers are interconnected so that once you
- have established contact with one server, you can easily communicate
- with other servers as well.
-
- Today, many users have powerful computers on the desktop, with
- advanced graphical, audio and storage capabilities, which are
- connected to the network. This fact has given rise to what is known
- as the client-server model. Users can have special software on their
- local computer called a client which can utilize the capabilities of
- that computer and can also communicate with a server on the network.
- These clients provide an easy-to-use, intuitive user interface, allow
- use of pointing devices such as a mouse, and exploit other local
- features. The client sends the user's requests to a server using a
- standardized format (called a protocol) and the server sends its
- response in a condensed format which the client displays to the user
- in a more readable way.
-
- Several of the tools described herein have several different
- functions. However they could be classified in functional areas
- according to their main purpose. Sections two and three cover two
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 4]
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- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- services, Gopher and World-Wide Web, which use the client-server
- model to explore the network providing a means of moving through a
- wide range of network sources and resources in a uniform and
- intuitive way. A tool for searching in a wide range of different
- databases located throughout the network, WAIS, is documented in
- section four. The problem of knowing where to find network resources
- (files and programs) is addressed in section five, which deals with
- archie. Three tools for finding people, computers and their network
- addresses, WHOIS, X.500 and Netfind, are discussed in sections six,
- seven and eight. While just about all of these network tools can be
- used to get files of one sort or another, there are a few servers
- available for getting files easily and efficiently from various
- repositories in the network. Two of these servers, TRICKLE and
- BITFTP, are covered in sections nine and ten. Sections eleven and
- twelve deal with what is perhaps the most popular of all the network
- resources, discussion groups on every imaginable topic. The two tools
- discussed there are LISTSERV and Netnews (Usenet). Section thirteen
- gives brief descriptions and pointers for a number of tools which
- were not mainstream enough to get a full description. Some are still
- in the developmental stage (Prospero), some are relatively unknown
- outside a particular network (ASTRA and Netserv from EARN/Bitnet and
- Mailbase from JANET) and some are meant for chatting rather than work
- (Relay and IRC).
-
- The purpose of this guide is to supply the basic information that
- anyone on the network needs to try out and begin using these tools. A
- basic knowledge of networking terminology has been assumed, as well
- as familiarity with the basic tools of networking: electronic mail
- (often referred to as e-mail or simply mail throughout this guide)
- and, for those connected to the Internet, FTP (file transfer
- protocol) and Telnet (remote login). It is beyond the scope of this
- guide to describe these basic tools. The example in the BITFTP
- section of this guide shows how one can use BITFTP to get guides to
- these tools over the network.
-
- 2. GOPHER
-
- 2.1. What is Gopher
-
- The Internet Gopher, or simply Gopher, is a distributed document
- delivery service. It allows users to explore, search and retrieve
- information residing on different locations in a seamless fashion.
-
- When browsing it, the information appears to the user as a series of
- nested menus. This kind of menu structure resembles the organization
- of a directory with many subdirectories and files. The subdirectories
- and the files may be located either on the local server site or on
- remote sites served by other Gopher servers. From the user point of
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 5]
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- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- view, all information items presented on the menus appear to come
- from the same place.
-
- The information can be a text or binary file, directory information
- (loosely called phone book), image or sound. In addition, Gopher
- offers gateways to other information systems (World-Wide Web, WAIS,
- archie, WHOIS) and network services (Telnet, FTP). Gopher is often a
- more convenient way to navigate in a FTP directory and to download
- files.
-
- A Gopher server holds the information and handles the users' queries.
- In addition, links to other Gopher servers create a network wide
- cooperation to form the global Gopher web (Gopherspace).
-
- 2.2. Who can use Gopher
-
- Gopher uses the client-server model to provide access to the Gopher
- web. You must be on the international TCP/IP network (the Internet)
- in order to use a client on your computer to access Gopher.
-
- 2.3. How to get to Gopher
-
- Users explore the Gopher menus using various local clients or
- accessing a remote client via an interactive Telnet session.
-
- 2.3.1. Local clients
-
- Public domain clients for accessing a Gopher server are available
- for: Macintosh, MS-DOS, OS/2, VM/CMS, VMS, NeXT, Unix, X-Windows.
- The clients are available for anonymous FTP from many FTP sites
- (e.g., boombox.micro.umn.edu in the directory /pub/gopher). See
- the list of freely available client software in Appendix A.
-
- 2.3.2. Remote clients
-
- Some sites allow public access to a client. To access such a
- remote client, telnet to one of these sites:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | info.anu.edu.au Australia (login: info) |
- | tolten.puc.cl Columbia |
- | ecnet.ec Ecuador |
- | gopher.chalmers.se Sweden |
- | consultant.micro.umn.edu USA |
- | gopher.uiuc.edu USA |
- | panda.uiowa.edu USA (login: panda) |
- | sunsite.unc.edu USA |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 6]
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- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- At the login: prompt type gopher (unless specified otherwise) and
- the top-level Gopher menu for that site will be displayed.
-
- Users are requested to use the site closest to them.
-
- 2.4. Using Gopher
-
- The implementations of the Gopher clients on various platforms are
- slightly different to take advantage of the platforms'
- capabilities (mouse, graphic functions, X-Windows server) and to
- offer the popular look and feel. Even with different
- implementations, the same set of functions and commands is
- available.
-
- When issuing the gopher command, you will be connected
- automatically to the default Gopher server specified at the
- installation. The format of the command is:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | gopher <hostname> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where hostname is an optional alternative Gopher server you want
- to talk to.
-
- When connected to a Gopher server, it is still possible to access
- another server by exploring the Other Gopher servers in the rest
- of the world branch. To locate them more easily, the Gopher
- servers are distributed in geographical regions:
-
- * Africa
- * Europe
- * Middle East
- * North America
- * Pacific
- * South America
-
- and then by countries.
-
- Access to a Gopher server is identical whether using a local or a
- remote client: a simple menu-driven interface which doesn't
- require any special training or knowledge from the user.
-
- Here is a sample menu:
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 7]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Internet Gopher Information Client v1.1
-
- Information About Gopher
-
- 1. About Gopher.
- 2. Search Gopher News <?>
- 3. Gopher News Archive/
- 4. comp.infosystems.gopher (Usenet newsgroup)/
- 5. Gopher Software Distribution/
- 6. Gopher Protocol Information/
- 7. University of Minnesota Gopher software licensing policy.
- 8. Frequently Asked Questions about Gopher.
- 9. gopher93/
- 10. Gopher| example server/
- 11. How to get your information into Gopher.
- --> 12. New Stuff in Gopher.
- 13. Reporting Problems or Feedback.
- 14. big Ann Arbor gopher conference picture.gif <Picture>
-
-
- Press ? for Help, q to Quit, u to go up a menu Page: 1/1
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- In the example above, any item can be selected by typing its line
- number or by moving the cursor (-->) next to it.
-
- An item could be:
-
- * a subdirectory
- * a text file
- * a binary file
- * a sound file
- * an image file
- * a phone book (directory information)
- * an index-search
- * a Telnet session
-
- Items are displayed with an identifying symbol next to them. In
- the example above, "<?>" means a full text index-search, "/" means
- a subdirectory, "<Picture>" means an image file and no symbol
- means a text file.
-
- Some Gopher clients are not able to handle certain file types
- (e.g., sound files). Some clients display only files of types they
- can handle or files they suppose you are interested in. Others
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 8]
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- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
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-
- display all types of files.
-
- Most Gopher clients allow you to create, view and select
- bookmarks. A bookmark keeps track of the exact location of a
- Gopher item, regardless of where it resides. It is useful when you
- often need to reach a file or a service located far from the
- top-level directory. A collection of bookmarks is like a
- customized Gopher menu.
-
- Some capabilities of a local Gopher client are bound to the
- capabilities of your own computer. In fact, for sound files, image
- files and Telnet sessions, the Gopher client looks for the
- appropriate software on your computer and passes control to it to
- perform the requested task. When the task is completed, control is
- returned to the Gopher client.
-
- At any time, it is possible to terminate the session (quit
- command), to cancel the current processing or to get the on-line
- help (help command).
-
- An item is processed according to its type:
-
- a subdirectory
- its contents are displayed. To go up one level, use the up
- command.
-
- a text file
- the file is displayed. Then you can browse it, search for a
- particular string, print it on a local printer or copy (save)
- it onto your local disk space in a user-specified file (the
- last 2 functions may not be available to you).
-
- a binary file
- the remote file is simply copied onto your local disk space in
- a user-specified file. Binary files are binhexed Macintosh
- files, archives (.zip, .tar,...), compressed files, programs,
- etc.
-
- a sound file
- the remote file is played through your local audio device if it
- exists, as well as the appropriate utility. Only one sound file
- can be active at a time; you will be warned if you try to play
- a sound before a previous one is done.
-
- an image file
- the remote file is displayed on your computer screen if an
- image viewer exists on your computer.
-
-
-
-
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-
-
- a phone book
- you are prompted for a search string to look up people
- information through the selected phone book. Since different
- institutions have different directory services, the queries are
- not performed in the same fashion.
-
- an index-search
- you are prompted for a search string which may be one or more
- words, plus the special operators and, or, and not. The search
- is case-insensitive. Usually, an index is created to help users
- locate the information in a set of documents quickly. E.g.:
-
- terminal and setting or tset
-
- will find all documents which contain both the words terminal
- and setting, or the word tset. or is nonexclusive so the
- documents may contain all of the words.
-
- The result of the index-search looks like any Gopher menu, but
- each menu item is a file that contains the specified search
- string.
-
- a Telnet session
- Telnet sessions are normally text-based information services,
- for example, access to library catalogs.
-
- 2.5. VERONICA
-
- Veronica was designed as a solution to the problem of resource
- discovery in the rapidly-expanding Gopher web, providing a keyword
- search of more than 500 Gopher menus. Veronica helps you find
- Gopher-based information without doing a menu-by-menu, site-by-site
- search. It is to the Gopher information space, what archie is to the
- FTP archives.
-
- Veronica is accessible from most top-level Gopher menus or from the
- Other Gopher servers... branch. There is no need for opening another
- connection or another application.
-
- When you choose a veronica search , you will be prompted to enter a
- keyword or keywords. The simplest way to search with veronica is to
- enter a single word and hit the RETURN key. It does not matter
- whether the word is upper-case or lower-case. The veronica server
- will return a gopher menu composed of items whose titles match your
- keyword specification. Items can be accessed as with any Gopher menu.
- E.g.:
-
- eudora
-
-
-
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-
-
- will give you a list of menu titles that contain eudora, such as:
-
- Electronic Mail: Eudora on Macintosh, Micro-08
- Modem Setting Eudora Slip.
- A UNIX-based Eudora reader for those that ...
- Eudora: Popmail for the Macintosh.
- Eudora.
-
- etc.
-
- The search string may contain keywords optionally separated by and,
- or and not. If there is no operator between 2 keywords, and is
- assumed. E.g.:
-
- eudora and macintosh
-
- will give you a list of menu titles that contain both eudora and
- macintosh, such as:
-
- Eudora: Popmail for the Macintosh.
- v4.1 EUDORA: E-MAIL FOR THE MACINTOSH.
- Micro News: Eudora - A Mailer for the Macintosh.
- Eudora: Electronic Mail on Your Macintosh.
- ACS News - Eudora Mail Reader for Macintosh.
-
- etc.
-
- "*" is the wildcard character. It can replace any other character or
- characters at the end of a keyword. E.g.:
-
- desk*
-
- will give you a list of menu titles, such as:
-
- The Help Desk.
- Keene State College Press Release COMPUTER ON EVERY DESK.
- DESKQview/X... An alternative to Windows???.
- Ethernet at Your Desktop/
-
- etc.
-
- 2.6. Learning more about Gopher
-
- The Internet Gopher is developed by the Computer and Information
- Services Department of the University of Minnesota. Bug reports,
- comments, suggestions, etc. should be mailed to the Gopher
- development team at: gopher@boombox.micro.umn.edu.
-
-
-
-
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-
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-
-
- Mailing list: gopher-news@boombox.micro.umn.edu
- To subscribe send a mail to:
- gopher-news-request@boombox.micro.umn.edu
-
- Usenet newsgroup: comp.infosystems.gopher
-
- A comprehensive description of veronica search methods is available
- from the veronica menus.
-
- Veronica is being developed by Steve Foster and Fred Barrie at the
- University of Nevada. Bug reports, comments, suggestions, etc. should
- be addressed to: gophadm@futique.scs.unr.edu
-
- 3. WORLD-WIDE WEB
-
- 3.1. What is World-Wide Web
-
- World-Wide Web (also called WWW or W3) is an information system based
- on hypertext, which offers a means of moving from document to
- document (usually called to navigate) within a network of
- information.
-
- Hypertext documents are linked to each other through a selected set
- of words. For example, when a new word, or a new concept, is
- introduced in a text, hypertext makes it possible to point to another
- document which gives more details about it. The reader can open the
- second document by selecting the unknown word or concept and the
- relevant section is displayed. The second document may also contain
- links to further details. The reader need not know where the
- referenced document is, and there is no need to type a command to
- display it, or to browse it to find the right paragraph.
- Cross-references may be defined in the same document. A collection of
- documents is a database.
-
- If you were reading this document on a hypertext system, instead of
- this all too short explanation about hypertext, you would have a
- selectable pointer to a complete hypertext information web with
- examples and more pointers to other definitions.
-
- For instance, in the first document you might read:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The WorldWideWeb (W3) is a wide-area "hypermedia" information
- retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large
- universe of documents.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 12]
-
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-
-
- Selecting hypermedia will display the following explanation for you:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- WHAT IS HYPERTEXT
- Hypertext is text which is not constrained to be linear.
-
- Hypertext is text which contains "links" to other texts. The term
- was coined by "Ted Nelson" around 1965 (see "History").
-
- HyperMedia is a term used for hypertext which is not constrained
- to be text: it can include graphics, video and "sound", for
- example. Apparently Ted Nelson was the first to use this term too.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Then you can learn more about links and Nelson. Indeed, the links in
- WWW are not confined to text only, so the term hypermedia is more
- accurate. For example, the link to Nelson might point to a file
- containing a picture of Ted Nelson. The picture would be displayed on
- your screen if you have a suitable configuration.
-
- Also, special documents (indexes) in the WWW information space can be
- search for given keyword(s). The result is a document which contains
- links to the documents found.
-
- World-Wide Web uses hypertext over the network: the linked documents
- may be located at various sites. WWW can handle different text
- formats and various information organizations. WWW also provides
- access to many of the other tools described in this guide.
-
- 3.2. Who can use World-Wide Web
-
- WWW uses the client-server model to provide access to the information
- universe. You must be on the international TCP/IP network (the
- Internet) in order to use a client on your computer to access WWW. If
- you are on the Internet, but don't have a WWW client on your
- computer, you can still enter the World-Wide Web. Several sites offer
- public interactive access to WWW clients (see the Remote clients
- section under How to get to World-Wide Web below).
-
- If you have e-mail access only, or if you are not on the Internet
- then you can not fully exploit the vast potential of WWW. However, a
- mail-robot is available at the address: listserv@info.cern.ch which
- gives e-mail access to WWW-accessible listserv@info.cern.ch files.
- (see E-mail access section under How to get to World-Wide Web below).
-
-
-
-
-
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-
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-
-
- 3.3. How to get to World-Wide Web
-
- Users access the World-Wide Web facilities via a client called a
- browser. This interface provides transparent access to the WWW
- servers. If a local WWW client is not available on your computer,
- you may use a client at a remote site. Thus, an easy way to start
- with WWW is to access a remote client.
-
- 3.3.1. Local clients
-
- Usage of a local client is encouraged since it provides better
- performance and better response time than a remote client.
-
- Public domain clients for accessing WWW servers are available for:
- Macintosh, MS-DOS, VMS, VM/CMS, MVS, NeXT, Unix, X-Windows. The
- clients are available for anonymous FTP from info.cern.ch in the
- directory /pub/www. All these platforms support a simple line mode
- browser. In addition, graphical clients are available for:
- Macintosh, Windows, X-Windows, NeXT and Unix. See the list of
- freely available client software in Appendix A.
-
- 3.3.2. Remote clients
-
- To access a remote WWW client, telnet to the client site. If you
- are new to WWW, you should telnet to info.cern.ch. No login is
- needed. You will immediately enter the WWW line mode browser. Some
- publicly accessible clients feature locally developed clients.
- Most remote clients are at sites with WWW servers with information
- on specific areas. After you telnet to the client site, at the
- login: prompt enter www, no password is needed. The following
- remote client sites are available:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | Site Country Server Specialization|
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | vms.huji.ac.il Israel Environment |
- | info.cern.ch Switzerland (CERN) High-energy physics|
- | fatty.law.cornell.edu USA Law |
- | ukanaix.cc.ukans.edu USA History |
- | www.njit.edu USA |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- CERN is the entry point to find information about WWW itself and
- to have an overview of the Web with a catalogue of the databases
- sorted by subject.
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 14]
-
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-
-
- 3.3.2.1. E-mail access
-
- In order to get a file, send mail to listserv@info.cern.ch with
- a SEND command. The SEND command returns the document with the
- given WWW address, subject to certain restrictions. Hypertext
- documents are formatted to 72 character width, with links
- numbered. A separate list at the end of the file gives the
- document-addresses of the related documents.
-
- If the document is hypertext, its links will be marked by
- numbers in brackets, and a list of document addresses by number
- will be appended to the message. In this way, you can navigate
- through the web, more or less. A good file to start with would
- be:
- http://info.cern.ch./hypertext/DataSources/bySubject/Overview.html
-
- Note that, despite the name listserv in the address of this
- mail robot, it is not a LISTSERV server.
-
- A note of caution from the WWW developers and maintainers:
-
- "As the robot gives potential mail access to a *vast* amount of
- information, we must emphasise that the service should not be
- abused. Examples of appropriate use would be:
-
- * Accessing any information about W3 itself;
- * Accessing any CERN and/or physics-related or network
- development related information;
-
- Examples of INappropriate use would be:
-
- * Attempting to retrieve binaries or tar files or anything more
- than directory listings or short ASCII files from FTP archive
- sites;
- * Reading Usenet newsgroups which your site doesn't receive;
- * Repeated automatic use.
-
- There is currently a 1000 line limit on any returned file. We
- don't want to overload other people's mail relays or our
- server. We reserve the right to withdraw the service at any
- time. We are currently monitoring all use of the server, so
- your reading will not initially enjoy privacy.
-
- Enjoy!"
-
- The W3 team at CERN (www-bug@info.cern.ch)
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
- 3.4. Using World-Wide Web
-
- When using a graphical interface, you access the WWW functions by
- pressing mouse buttons. In particular, references are highlighted or
- underlined words. To follow a link, click on the associated
- reference.
-
- The line mode browser is a more simple user interface: references are
- numbers in square brackets next to words. Type the number and hit the
- RETURN key to follow a reference. For example, here is the beginning
- of the Subject Catalogue you get on the CERN server:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Subject Catalogue
- WWW VIRTUAL LIBRARY
-
- This is the subject catalogue. See also arrangement by service
- type[1]. Mail www-request@info.cern.ch to add pointers to this
- list.
-
- Aeronautics Mailing list archive index[2]. See also NASA LaRC[3]
-
- Agriculture[4] Separate list, see also Almanac mail servers[5].
-
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Abstract Indexes[6] at NASA, Astrophysics work at
- FNAL[7], Princeton's[8] Sloane Digital Sky
- Survey, the STELAR project, Space Telescope
- Electronic Information System[9], the Southampton
- University Astronomy Group[10], the National
- Solar Observatory[11], Astrophysics work at the
- AHPCRC[12]. See also: space[13].
-
- Bio Sciences[14] Separate list.
-
- Computing[15] Separate list.
-
- 1-81, Back, <RETURN> for more, Quit, or Help:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The following commands are available within WWW. Some are disabled
- when not applicable (e.g., Find is enabled only when the current
- document is an index). Angle brackets (<>) indicate an optional
- parameter.
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
- Help
- gives a list of available commands depending on the context, and
- the hypertext address of the current document.
-
- Manual
- displays the on-line manual.
-
- Quit
- exits WWW.
-
- Up, Down
- scrolls up or down one page in the current document.
-
- Top, BOttom
- goes to the top or the bottom of the current document.
-
- Back
- goes back to the document you were reading before.
-
- HOme
- goes back to the first document you were reading.
-
- Next, Previous
- goes to the next or previous document in the list of pointers from
- the document that led to the current one.
-
- List
- gives a numbered list of the links from the current document. To
- follow a link, type in the number.
-
- Recall <number>
- if number is omitted, gives a numbered list of the documents you
- have visited.
-
- To display one specific document, re-issue the command with
- number.
-
- <Find> keyword
- queries the current index with the supplied keyword(s). A list of
- matching entries is displayed with possibly links to further
- details. Find can be omitted if the first keyword does not
- conflict with another WWW command. Multiple keywords are separated
- by blanks.
-
- Go docaddress
- goes to the document represented by the given hypertext address,
- which is interpreted relatively to the current document.
-
-
-
-
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-
-
- Extra command available on Unix versions only:
-
- Print
- prints the current document, without the numbered document
- references. The default print command is lpr, but it may be
- defined in your local working environment by the variable
- WWW_PRINT_COMMAND.
-
- To access WWW with the line mode browser, type: www. The default
- first document will appear on your screen. From this point, you
- should be able to navigate through the WWW universe by reading the
- text and following the instructions at the bottom of the screen. If
- you want to start with a first document other than the default, or if
- you want to change some other aspect of the usual interaction, there
- are a number of command line parameters and options available. The
- full format of the www command to invoke the line mode browser is:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | www <options> <docaddress <keyword>> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where:
-
- docaddress
- is the hypertext address of the document at which you want to
- start browsing.
-
- keyword
- queries the index specified by docaddress with the supplied
- keyword(s). A list of matching entries is displayed. Multiple
- keywords are separated by blanks.
-
- Options are:
-
- -n
- non-interactive mode. The document is formatted and displayed to
- the screen. Pages are delimited with form feed characters (FF).
-
- -listrefs
- adds a list of the addresses of all documents references to the
- end. Non-interactive mode only.
-
- -pn
- sets the page length to n lines. Without a number, makes the page
- length infinite. Default is 24.
-
-
-
-
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-
-
- -wn
- sets the page width to n columns. The default is 78, 79 or 80
- depending on the system.
-
- -na
- hides references in the text. Useful, when printing out the
- document.
-
- -version
- displays the version number of the software.
-
- The commands listed above should be available in all clients. They
- may be abbreviated (CAPITAL letters indicate acceptable
- abbreviation). Case is not significant. Special characteristics of
- the line mode browser interface are:
-
- number
- type in a number given in [] and hit the RETURN key to follow the
- link associated to the reference.
-
- RETURN
- hit the RETURN key to display the next page of the current
- document (without a reference number).
-
- 3.5. Examples
-
- WWW gives you access to an information universe. Let's say you want
- to know how many film versions of The Three Musketeers there have
- been. You browse the WWW Subject Catalogue and select Movies:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Movie database browser (Cardiff)
- A Hypertext movie database browser
-
- Sep 2nd... Your help is needed..[1]
-
- Aug 29th.. Images, sounds, mpegs & reviews[2]
-
-
- Select the type of search you'd like to perform:-
-
- Movie people[3].....(multi Oscar winners)[4] or
-
- Movie titles[5] .....(multi Oscar winners)[6]
-
- Searches the "rec.arts.movies" movie database system, maintained
- by Col Needham et-al.
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 19]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Here[7] is some information on list maintainers.
-
- If you have a comment or suggestion, it can be recorded here[8]
-
- HERE[9] is a pre-1986 movie information gopher server. (at
- Manchester UK)
-
- 1-13, Back, Up, <RETURN> for more, Quit, or Help: 5
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- You select Movie titles, and then type three musketeers as keywords:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Movie title queries
- MOVIE TITLE QUERY
-
- Enter a movie title or substring.
-
- Example, to search for movies with the word "alien" in their
- title, type "alien".
-
- This will return details on several movies, including Aliens[1]
-
- Note: if the title begins with A or The, leave it out. If you're
- determined to include it, then put ', A' or ', The' at the end of
- the of the substring e.g.
-
- Enforcer, The
-
- Gauntlet, The
-
- Searching is case insensitive.
-
- search menu[2] Fun and Games page[3] COMMA home page[4]
-
- FIND <keywords>, 1-5, Back, Up, <RETURN> for more,
- or Help: three musketeers
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- You find that there have been six film versions of the story:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 20]
-
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-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Movie Info
- Here are the results from the search for "three musketeers"
-
- Three Musketeers, The (1921)[1]
-
- Three Musketeers, The (1933)[2]
-
- Three Musketeers, The (1935)[3]
-
- Three Musketeers, The (1939)[4]
-
- Three Musketeers, The (1948)[5]
-
- Three Musketeers, The (1974)[6]
-
- search menu[7] Fun and Games page[8] COMMA home page[9]
-
-
- Rob.H[10]
-
- Robert.Hartill@cm.cf.ac.uk
-
-
- FIND <keywords>, 1-10, Back, Up, Quit, or Help: 1
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- You decide to look for more information on the 1921 version:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Movie Info
- Here are the results from the search for "Three Musketeers, The (1921)"
-
- THREE MUSKETEERS, THE (1921)
-
- 1921
-
- Cast Belcher, Charles[1] ......Bernajoux
- De Brulier, Nigel[2] ......Cardinal Richelieu
- De La Motte, Marguerite[3] ......Constance Bonacieux
- Fairbanks, Douglas[4] ......D'Artagnan
- Irwin, Boyd[5] ......Comte de Rochefort
- MacLaren, Mary[6] ......Queen Anne of Austria
- Menjou, Adolphe[7] ......Louis XIII
- Pallette, Eugene[8] ......Aramis
-
-
-
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-
-
- Poff, Lon[9] ......Father Joseph
- Siegmann, George[10] ......Porthos
- Stevens, Charles[11] ......Planchet
-
- Directed by Niblo, Fred[12]
-
- Music by Gottschalk, Louis F.[13]
-
- 1-21, Back, Up, <RETURN> for more, Quit, or Help: 7
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- You're hooked! You decide to look for more information on Adolphe
- Menjou, search more titles, find Oscar winners, etc.
-
- 3.6. Learning more about World-Wide Web
-
- World-Wide Web is being developed at CERN (European Particle Physics
- Laboratory) by the World-Wide Web team leaded by Tim Berners-Lee. Bug
- reports, comments, suggestions, etc. should be mailed to:
- www-bug@info.cern.ch
-
- On-line documentation is available from info.cern.ch, for anonymous
- FTP or using the remote WWW client.
-
- Mailing lists: www-talk@info.cern.ch
- To subscribe send a mail to www-talk-request@info.cern.ch
-
- Usenet newsgroup: comp.infosystems.www
-
- 4. WAIS
-
- 4.1. What is WAIS
-
- WAIS, Wide Area Information Server, is a distributed information
- retrieval system. It helps users search databases over networks using
- an easy-to-use interface. The databases (called sources) are mostly
- collections of text-based documents, but they may also contain sound,
- pictures or video as well. Databases on topics ranging from
- Agriculture to Social Science can be searched with WAIS.
-
- The databases may be organized in different ways, using various
- database systems, but the user isn't required to learn the query
- languages of the different databases. WAIS uses natural language
- queries to find relevant documents. The result of the query is a set
- of documents which contain the words of the query: no semantic
- information is extracted from the query.
-
-
-
-
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-
-
- 4.2. Who can use WAIS
-
- WAIS uses the client-server model to provide access to databases. You
- must be on the international TCP/IP network (the Internet) in order
- to use a client on your computer to access WAIS.
-
- If you have e-mail access only, or if you are not on the Internet you
- can still exploit some of the potential of WAIS. An e-mail interface
- is available at the address: waismail@quake.think.com which gives
- e-mail access to WAIS databases (see E-mail access section under
- Using WAIS below).
-
- 4.3. How to get to WAIS
-
- There are many WAIS servers throughout the network. A
- directory-of-servers database is available at several sites. You can
- address a query to it, e.g., to find out what databases are available
- on a particular subject. This database is also available via
- anonymous FTP from Think.com in the directory /wais as file
- wais-sources.tar.Z.
-
- If you do not have access to a WAIS client, (at least) two
- demonstration sites are available to allow you to get acquainted with
- WAIS. You can telnet to:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | quake.think.com (login: wais) |
- | sunsite.unc.edu (login: swais) |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- The two demonstration sites above run swais (Screen WAIS), a simple
- WAIS client for Unix.
-
- 4.4. Using WAIS
-
- There are many freely available client software programs for various
- operating systems (Unix, VMS, MVS, MS-DOS, OS/2 and Macintosh) and
- for specific environments (GNU Emacs, X-Windows, Openlook, Sunview,
- NeXT, and MS-Windows). See the list of freely available client
- software in Appendix A.
-
- The client interface differs slightly on different platforms.
- However, the queries are performed in the same way, whatever the
- interface.
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 23]
-
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-
-
- * Step 1: The user selects a set of databases to be searched from
- among the available databases.
-
- * Step 2: The user formulates a query by giving keywords to be
- searched for.
-
- * Step 3: When the query is run, WAIS asks for information from each
- selected database.
-
- * Step 4: Headlines of documents satisfying the query are displayed.
- The selected documents contain the requested words and phrases.
- Selected documents are ranked according to the number of matches.
-
- * Step 5: To retrieve a document, the user simply selects it from the
- resulting list.
-
- * Step 6: If the response is incomplete, the user can state the
- question differently or feed back to the system any one or more of
- the selected documents he finds relevant.
-
- * Step 7: When the search is run again, the results will be updated
- to include documents which are similar to the ones selected,
- meaning documents which share a large number of common words.
-
- 4.4.1. E-mail access:
-
- You can query WAIS databases and retrieve documents by sending
- commands in the body part of an e-mail message to
- waismail@quake.think.com. The Subject: line is ignored. The important
- commands are (a vertical bar (|) indicates a choice of parameters):
-
- help
- to get the help file
-
- maxres number
- to set the maximum number of results to be returned.
-
- search source-name | "source-name1 source-name2 ..." keywords
-
- where:
-
- source-name
- is a source name as found in the directory-of-servers (with or
- without the .src ending). Use double-quotes (") to group
- several sources to be searched.
-
- keywords
- are the words you would normally type into a query.
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 24]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- You may specify several search requests in a mail message. If you
- don't know what sources you can search, just try anything. If the
- source name is not recognised, you'll get a list of sources.
-
- retrieve docid
- to retrieve a document from a database. docid is a DocID as
- returned by a search above. You may put more than one retrieval
- request in a mail message, but you must leave a blank line between
- requests. The docid must be written exactly as returned by a
- search request, including any spaces. You can retrieve non-text
- documents as well as text. If the document is of type TEXT or WSRC
- you will get the result directly. Other types will be UUENCODED.
-
- DocID: docid
- same as retrieve. This form is identical to the form which is
- returned by a search request. It makes it easy to use the reply
- mail function to retrieve results.
-
- 4.5. Examples
-
- When you log in to the demonstration site at quake.think.com, you
- have immediate access to the directory-of-servers database via the
- swais client software. To find recipes using papaya, you would select
- the recipes database and give papaya as the keyword. Here are the
- results of the search:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- # Score Source Title Lines
- 001: 1000 (recipes) arielle@ta Re: Dawn's Muffins, Pt III 339
- 002: 1000 (recipes) arielle@ta Re: Muffins 3 632
- 003: 1000 (recipes) arielle@ta Re: Pineapple 678
- 004: 750 (recipes) arielle@ta Re: Pork and Papaya Salad 33
- 005: 750 (recipes) arielle@ta Re: Bread 681
- 006: 500 (recipes) roder@cco. Re: NONFAT BAKERY COLLECTION 423
- 007: 500 (recipes) shiva@hoss Re: Juice Recipes 65
- 008: 250 (recipes) arielle@ta Re: Prawn Salad 49
- 009: 250 (recipes) arielle@ta Re: COLLECTION: Lots of Avoca 447
- 010: 250 (recipes) mecca@acsu Re: REQUEST: blender-made fru 29
- 011: 250 (recipes) Ann.Adamci Re: Re: REQUEST: blender-made 38
- 012: 250 (recipes) patth@Pani Re: Re: REQUEST: blender-made 49
- 013: 250 (recipes) arielle@ta Re: Avocados 459
- 014: 250 (recipes) red_trek@d Re: VEGAN: red beans and rice 78
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- You can then select any of the above documents for viewing, for
- example, the Pork and Papaya Salad recipe:
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 25]
-
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-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Newsgroups: rec.food.recipes
- From: arielle@taronga.com (Stephanie da Silva)
- Subject: Pork and Papaya Salad
- Message-ID: <5BBP2SB@taronga.com>
- Date: Mon, 29 Mar 1993 06:51:47 GMT
- Lines: 23
-
- 1/4 cup dried currants
- 1/2 cup balsamic vinegar
- 1/4 cup walnut oil
- 1/4 cup chicken broth
- 1 tablespoon honey
- 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1 pound cooked boneless pork loin roast
- 1 head Belgian endive
- Bibb lettuce leaves
- 2 papayas, seeded, peeled and sliced lengthwise
- 2 avocados, seeded, peeled and sliced lengthwise
- 1/4 cup broken walnut pieces
-
- In a small bowl pour enough boiling water over currants to cover.
- Let stand 5 minutes; drain. For dressing, in a screw-top jar
- combine vinegar, oil, chicken broth, honey, and cinnamon. Cover;
- shake well. Trim fat from pork; slice thinly. Separate leaves of
- Belgian endive. Line 6 salad plates with lettuce leaves. Arrange
- pork, endive, papaya, and avocado on plates. Sprinkle with
- currants and walnuts. Drizzle dressing over salads.
-
- Stephanie da Silva arielle@taronga.com
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- If you give more than one keyword, then all documents containing any
- of the keywords will be listed.
-
- 4.6. Learning more about WAIS
-
- A bibliography of documents, services and sources for WAIS is
- maintained by Barbara Lincoln Brooks of WAIS Inc. The bibliography is
- available from ftp.wais.com in the directory /pub/wais-inc-doc along
- with many other WAIS documents.
-
- There are currently four main FTP sites for WAIS documentation and
- software:
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 26]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- * ftp.cnidr.org
- * ftp.wais.com
- * quake.think.com
- * sunsite.unc.edu
-
- For information on free WAIS software contact freewais@cnidr.org
-
- Mailing list: wais-discussion@wais.com
- To subscribe send a mail to wais-discussion-request@wais.com
-
- Usenet newsgroup: comp.infosystems.wais
-
- WAIS was developed at Thinking Machines Corporation.
-
- 5. ARCHIE
-
- 5.1. What is ARCHIE
-
- Archie is an information system. It offers an electronic directory
- service for locating information in the international TCP/IP network
- (the Internet).
-
- The best known use of archie is for scanning a database of the
- contents of more than 1000 anonymous FTP sites around the world.
- Currently, this database contains more than 2,100,000 file names from
- anonymous FTP sites. This database is known as the archie database.
-
- The files made available at anonymous FTP sites are software packages
- for various systems (Windows, MS-DOS, Macintosh, Unix, etc.),
- utilities, information or documentation files, mailing list or Usenet
- group discussion archives. At most FTP sites, the resources are
- organized hierarchically in directories and subdirectories. The
- database tracks both the directory path and the file names.
-
- The archie database is automatically updated, thereby ensuring that
- the information is accurate. Using this database, users can easily
- find the the location of files they need without logging onto several
- machines.
-
- 5.2. Who can use ARCHIE
-
- Users on any network can access the archie database by electronic
- mail. Other means of access are available to users on the Internet
- (see the section Using ARCHIE below for details).
-
- You are requested to respect a few basic rules when you request
- information from an archie server:
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 27]
-
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-
-
- * avoid connecting during working hours; most of the archie
- servers are
- not dedicated machines, they have local functions as well.
-
- * make your queries as specific as possible; the response will be
- quicker and shorter.
-
- * user interfaces installed on your computer contribute to reduce
- the
- load on the server sites, please use them.
-
- * use the archie server closest to you and, in particularly, don't
- overload the transatlantic lines.
-
- 5.3. How to get to ARCHIE
-
- The archie database is maintained in the following locations:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | Host Country |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | archie.au Australia |
- | archie.edvz.uni-linz.ac.at Austria |
- | archie.univie.ac.at Austria |
- | archie.uqam.ca Canada |
- | archie.funet.fi Finland |
- | archie.th-darmstadt.de Germany |
- | archie.doc.ic.ac.uk Great-Britain |
- | archie.ac.il Israel |
- | archie.unipi.it Italy |
- | archie.wide.ad.jp Japan |
- | archie.kyoto-u.ac.jp Japan |
- | archie.hana.nm.kr Korea |
- | archie.sogang.ac.kr Korea |
- | archie.nz New Zealand |
- | archie.rediris.es Spain |
- | archie.luth.se Sweden |
- | archie.switch.ch Switzerland |
- | archie.ncu.edu.tw Taiwan |
- | archie.ans.net USA |
- | archie.internic.net USA |
- | archie.rutgers.edu USA |
- | archie.sura.net USA |
- | archie.unl.edu USA |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 28]
-
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-
-
- There are three ways to access the archie database: via a local
- client, interactive Telnet session or electronic mail. Each type of
- access is described below in the Using ARCHIE section.
-
- 5.4. Using ARCHIE
-
- The format of the parameters is given at the end of this section.
- Angle brackets (<>) indicate an optional parameter; a vertical bar
- (|) indicates a choice of parameters.
-
- Note: A new version of the archie server (3.0) is now available. Some
- of the commands for interactive access and the e-mail interface are
- slightly different from previous versions of the server (2.11 and
- before). Command formats marked with a (+) are valid in version 3.0
- only, those marked with a (*) are acceptable only in previous
- versions. To find out which version is installed at the server you
- wish to use, issue the version command.
-
- 5.4.1. Using a local client:
-
- Usage of these clients is encouraged since they provide quick and
- easy non-interactive access to the archie servers, and thus,
- better performance of the servers and better response time for the
- user.
-
- Public domain clients for accessing archie servers are available
- for: Macintosh, MS-DOS, OS/2, VMS, NeXT, Unix and X-Windows. The
- clients are available for anonymous FTP from the archie sites in
- the directories /pub/archie/clients or /archie/clients. All these
- platforms support a simple command line client. In addition, a
- graphical interface (called xarchie) is available for X-Windows.
-
- 5.4.1.1. Archie client command and parameters
-
- When using a graphical interface, you access the archie functions
- by pressing mousse buttons. The results are displayed with
- selectable fields for further explorations.
-
- The basic archie client is a command with parameters that you
- enter on your local machine. With most versions of the archie
- client, if you type archie with no parameters, you will get a list
- of the possible parameters and a short description of each. The
- format of the command is:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 29]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | archie <-options> string | pattern |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where the options are:
-
- o
- specifies an output file name to store the results (not
- available with all clients).
-
- l
- lists the result one match per line. This form is suitable for
- parsing by programs.
-
- t
- sorts the result inverted by date
-
- m#
- specifies maximum number of matches to return (# within the
- range 0 to 1000). The default value is 95.
-
- h archie-server
- specifies an archie server to send the query to; if this
- parameter is not given, then the query will be sent to the
- default archie server, if one is defined.
-
- L
- lists known servers and current default server.
-
- The following group of options determines the kind of search
- performed on the database. They are mutually exclusive.
-
- s
- a match occurs if the file/directory name contains string. The
- search is case insensitive.
-
- c
- as above, but the search is case sensitive.
-
- e
- string must EXACTLY match (including case) the file/directory
- name in the database. This is the DEFAULT search method.
-
- r
- searches the database using pattern. It contains special
- characters which must be interpreted before performing the
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 30]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- search.
-
- There may be some slight differences in the options available with
- different clients on different platforms.
-
- The result is a list of FTP site addresses with files or
- directories matching the argument, the size of the file, its last
- modification date and its directory. By default, the list is
- sorted by host address. See the Examples section below for an
- example of archie output.
-
- 5.4.2. Using Telnet:
-
- To access an archie server interactively, telnet to one of the
- existing servers (see the list of servers in the section How to
- get to ARCHIE above). At the login: prompt enter archie, the login
- procedure ends leaving the user at a archie> prompt. The server is
- ready for user requests. The following commands are available:
-
- exit, quit, bye
- exits archie.
-
- help <command-name>
- invokes the on-line help. If issued with commandname, the help
- request is restricted to the specified topic. Pressing the
- RETURN key exits from the on-line help.
-
- list <pattern>
- provides a list of the sites in the database and the time at
- which they were last updated. The optional parameter limits the
- list to sites matching pattern. The result is a list of site
- names, sites IP address and date of the last update in the
- database. The command list with no pattern will list all sites
- in the database (more than 1000 sites!). E.g.,
-
- list \.de$
-
- will list all German sites
-
- site(*) site-name
- lists the directories and, recursively, the subdirectories, of
- site-name in the database. The result may be very long.
-
- whatis string
- searches the database of software package descriptions for
- string. The search is case-insensitive.
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 31]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- prog string | pattern
- find(+) string | pattern
- searches the database for string or pattern which represents
- the name of the resource to be found in the database. Searches
- may be performed in a number of different ways specified in the
- variable search (set command) which also decides the
- interpretation of the parameter as string or pattern. The
- result is a list of FTP site addresses with matching entries,
- the size of the resource, its last modification date and the
- directory to find it. The number of hits is limited by the
- maxhits variable (set command). The result of prog can be
- sorted in different ways, depending on the value of the sortby
- variable (set command). By default, the variables search,
- maxhits and sortby are set to, respectively, exact match search
- on string, 1000 hits and unsorted resulting list. Typing the
- keyboard interrupt character during a search will abort it. The
- results up to that time are displayed. See the Examples section
- below for an example of the prog command and its results.
-
- mail <email> <,email2...>
- sends the result of the last command in a mail message to the
- specified e-mail address(es). If issued with no argument, the
- result is sent to the address specified in the variable mailto
- (set command).
-
- show <variable>
- displays the value of the given variable name. If issued with
- no argument, it displays all variables. See the set command
- below for the possible variables.
-
- set variable value
- sets one of the archie's variables. Values of these variables
- affect how archie interacts with the user.
-
- Variables and values are:
-
- compress(+) compress-method
- specifies the compression method (none or compress) to be used
- before mailing a result with the mail command. The default is
- none.
-
- encode(+) encode-method
- specifies the encoding method (none or uuencode) to be used
- before mailing a result with the mail command. This variable is
- ignored if compress is not set. The default is none.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 32]
-
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-
-
- mailto email <,email2 ...>
- specifies the e-mail address(es) to mail the result of the last
- command when mail is issued with no arguments.
-
- maxhits number
- specifies the maximum number of matches prog will generate
- (within the range 0 to 1000). The default value is 1000.
-
- search search-value
- determines the kind of search performed on the database by the
- command: prog string | pattern. search-values are:
-
- sub
- a parttial and case insensitive search is performed with
- string on the database, e.g.:
-
- "is" will match "islington" and "this" and "poison"
-
- subcase
- as above but the search is case sensitive, e.g.:
-
- "TeX" will match "LaTeX" but not "Latex"
-
- exact
- the parameter of prog (string) must EXACTLY match (including
- case) the string in the database. The fastest search method
- of all, and the default.
-
- regex
- pattern is interpreted before performing a search on the
- database.
-
- sortby sort-value
- describes how to sort the result of prog. sort-values are:
-
- hostname
- on the FTP site address in lexical order.
-
- time
- by the modification date, most recent first.
-
- size
- by the size of the found files or directories, largest
- first.
-
- filename
- on file or directory name in lexical order.
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 33]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- none
- unsorted (default)
-
- The reverse sorting orders from those described here are
- obtained by prepending r to the sortby value given. (e.g.,
- reverse hostname order hostname is rhostname).
-
- term terminal-type <number-of-rows <number-of-columns>>
- tells the archie server what type of terminal you are
- using, and optionally its size in rows and columns, e.g.:
-
- set term xterm 24 100
-
- 5.4.3. Using electronic mail:
-
- Users limited to electronic mail connectivity can access the
- archie servers by sending mail to the domain address of one of the
- servers listed in the section How to get to ARCHIE (e.g.,
- archie@archie.ac.il). The commands are sent in the body part of
- the mail.
-
- The electronic mail interface to an archie server recognizes a
- subset of the commands described in Using Telnet. Most useful
- commands and particularities to the e-mail interface are described
- below. If an empty message, or a message containing no valid
- requests is received, it will be considered to be a help request.
-
- Command lines begin in the first column. All lines that do not
- match a valid command are ignored. The Subject: line is processed
- as if it were part of the message body.
-
- help
- sends you the help file. The help command is exclusive, ie,
- other commands in the same message are ignored.
-
- path return-address
- set mailto(+) return-address
- specifies a return e-mail address different from that which is
- extracted from the message header. If you do not receive a
- reply from the archie server within several hours, you might
- need to add a path command to your message request.
-
- list pattern <pattern2 ...>
- provides a list of the sites in the database that match pattern
- and the time at which they were last updated. The result is a
- list with site names, sites IP address and date of the last
- update in the database.
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 34]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- site(*) site-name
- lists the directories and, recursively, the subdirectories, of
- site-name in the database.
-
- whatis string <string2 ...>
- searches the database of software packages descriptions for
- each string. The search is case insensitive.
-
- prog pattern <pattern2 ...>
- find(+) pattern <pattern2>
- searches the database for each interpretation of pattern which
- represents the name of a resource to be found in the database.
- If multiple patterns are placed on one line, in that case, the
- results will be mailed back in one message. If multiple prog
- lines appear, then multiple messages will be returned, one for
- each prog line. Results are sorted by FTP site address in
- lexical order. If pattern contains spaces, it must be quoted
- with single (') or double (") quotes. The search is case
- insensitive.
-
- compress(*)
- causes the result of the current request to be compressed and
- uuencoded. When you receive the reply, you should run it
- through uudecode. This will produce a .Z file. You can then run
- uncompress on this file and get the result of your request
-
- set compress(+) compress-method
- specifies the compression method (none or compress) to be used
- before mailing the result of the current request. The default
- is none.
-
- set encode(+) encode-method
- specifies the encoding method (none or uuencode) to be used
- before mailing the result of the current request. This variable
- is ignored if compress is not set. The default is none.
-
- Note: set compress compress and set encode uuencode would
- produce the same result as the former compress command.
-
- quit
- nothing past this point is interpreted. Useful when a signature
- is automatically appended at the end of your mail messages.
-
- Description of pattern
-
- A pattern describes a character string including characters which
- take a special meaning. The special meaning is lost when "\" is
- put before the character. The special characters are:
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 35]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- .
- (period) this is the wildcard character that replaces any other
- character, e.g., "...." will match any 4 character string.
-
- ^
- (caret) if "^" appears at the beginning of the pattern, then
- the searched string must start with the substring following the
- "^". If it occurs anywhere else in the pattern it is regarded
- as non-special, e.g.:
-
- "^efghi" will match "efghi" or "efghijlk" but not
- "abcefghi"
-
- $
- (dollar) if "$" appears at the end of the pattern, then the
- searched string must end with the substring preceding the "$".
- If occurring anywhere else in the pattern, it is regarded as
- non-special, e.g.:
-
- "efghi$" will match "efghi" or "abcdefghi" but not
- "efghijkl"
-
- 5.5. Examples
-
- If you are using an archie client, and enter the command:
-
- archie -s eudora
-
- or if you send, by e-mail or during a Telnet session, the command:
-
- prog eudora
-
- or
-
- find eudora
-
- then archie will send you the following results:
-
- Host ftp.ascii.co.jp (133.152.1.1)
- Last updated 03:38 8 Aug 1993
-
- Location: /pub/MAC
- DIRECTORY drwxrwxr-x 2048 bytes 00:00 6 May 1992 eudora
-
- Host ftp.ascii.co.jp (133.152.1.1)
- Last updated 03:38 8 Aug 1993
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 36]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Location: /pub/MAC/eudora
- FILE -r--r--r-- 281139 bytes 00:00 21 Oct 1991 eudora1.2.2.sit.hqx
-
- Host ftp.ci.ua.pt (192.80.21.201)
- Last updated 04:53 9 Aug 1993
-
- Location: /pub/NetNews/comp.binaries.mac
- FILE -rw-r--r-- 438 bytes 12:04 10 Jul 1993 Eudora1.3.readme
-
- Host ftp.ci.ua.pt (192.80.21.201)
- Last updated 04:53 9 Aug 1993
-
- Location: /pub/NetNews/comp.binaries.mac
- FILE -rw-r--r-- 278912 bytes 12:04 10 Jul 1993 Eudora1.3.sit.bin
-
- etc.
-
- If you send the command list \.de$ by e-mail or in a Telnet session,
- then you will get the following results:
-
- alice.fmi.uni-passau.de 132.231.1.180 12:31 8 Aug 1993
- askhp.ask.uni-karlsruhe.de 129.13.200.33 12:25 8 Aug 1993
- athene.uni-paderborn.de 131.234.2.32 15:21 6 Aug 1993
- bseis.eis.cs.tu-bs.de 134.169.33.1 00:18 31 Jul 1993
- clio.rz.uni-duesseldorf.de 134.99.128.3 12:10 8 Aug 1993
- cns.wtza-berlin.de 141.16.244.4 16:08 31 Jul 1993
-
- etc.
-
- If you send the command whatis compression by e-mail or in a Telnet
- session, then you will get the following results:
-
- RFC 468 Braden, R.T. FTP data compression 1973 March 8; 5p.
- arc PC compression program
- deltac Image compression using delta modulation
- spl Splay tree compression routines
- squeeze A file compression program
- uncrunch Uncompression program
- unsqueeze Uncompression programs
-
- 5.6. Learning more about ARCHIE
-
- However you communicate with the archie server, on-line help is
- available.
-
- If you have any questions about archie, write to the Archie Group,
- Bunyip Information Systems Inc. at info@bunyip.com.
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 37]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Bug reports, comments, suggestions, etc. should be mailed to
- archie-group@bunyip.com. In addition, the database administrator at a
- particular archie server can be contacted at
- archie-admin@address.of.archie.server, e.g.:
- archie-admin@archie.ac.il.
-
- Mailing list: archie-people@bunyip.com
- To subscribe send a mail to: archie-people-request@bunyip.com
-
- Archie was developed by Alan Emtage, Peter Deutsch, and Bill Heelan
- from the McGill University Computing Center, Canada. Now archie is
- supported by Bunyip Information System Inc., Canada.
-
- 6.1. WHOIS
-
- 6.1. What is WHOIS
-
- WHOIS provides directory service to network users. This service is a
- way of finding e-mail addresses, postal addresses and telephone
- numbers. It may also deliver information about networks, networking
- organizations, domains and sites.
-
- The main database of networking-related names (organizations, sites,
- networks, people, etc.) is maintained by the Internet Registration
- Service (InterNIC). Actually, the names of the administrative and
- technical contacts for registered domains are automatically entered
- into the database when domain or IP number applications are processed
- by the Internet coordination authority. Each entry of the database
- has a handle (a unique identifier), a name, a record type, and
- various other fields depending on the type of record. This database
- will be used as an example in the descriptions below.
-
- Before April 1, 1993, the Network Information Center (NIC) of the
- Defense Data Network (DDN) was the Internet coordination authority
- and, therefore, maintained the database (known as the NIC database).
- The NIC database is now restricted to information about the .mil
- domain. Many documents still refer to these names.
-
- Many academic sites maintain their own database to offer information
- about their staff members and students.
-
- In its current implementation, WHOIS has some limitations which
- prevent it from becoming an efficient directory service for a large
- volume of information and numerous requests: the various WHOIS
- servers have no knowledge of each other, a database is maintained at
- each server site, and, finally, new functionalities have been
- implemented locally at various sites and not propagated. A new
- extended protocol, WHOIS++, is being specified to improve the current
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 38]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- service. WHOIS++ will include local enhancements to the WHOIS
- service, an improved query syntax and its architecture will allow a
- real distributed directory service for the entire Internet.
-
- This new protocol for directory services will be made available
- shortly.
-
- 6.2. Who can use WHOIS
-
- WHOIS is available to users on the international TCP/IP network (the
- Internet).
-
- A WHOIS server is accessible across the network from a user program
- running on local machines or via an interactive Telnet session to the
- site which hosts the server.
-
- In addition, the InterNIC offers an electronic mail interface to the
- database it maintains, allowing users not on the Internet or users
- with electronic mail only to access this information. This type of
- access is described below in the Using WHOIS section.
-
- In general, WHOIS servers should only be used for isolated queries
- about specific information. Typically, it is not acceptable to make
- an extended series of queries to obtain large sections of the
- directory. Such a strategy is unfair both because of excessive
- consumption of server resources, and because the directory
- information belongs to individuals. In particular, extracting lists
- of people for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited.
-
- 6.3. How to get to WHOIS
-
- There are many WHOIS servers throughout the network and a
- comprehensive list would be too long to be included here. A WHOIS
- server offers information about the organization to which it belongs:
- it doesn't share a common directory with other WHOIS servers and
- doesn't know either where to find information about other
- institutions.
-
- 6.4. Using WHOIS
-
- WHOIS has become the familiar name of the user program for accessing
- a WHOIS database, although NICNAME is the original name.
-
- In the following, angle brackets (<>) indicate an optional parameter.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 39]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 6.4.1. Using a local client:
-
- Unix computers have a native whois command. On non-Unix machines,
- ask your system administrator whether your computer has it or not.
- This command searches the database on the specified site for entry
- which contains identifier. The format is:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | whois <-h site-name> identifier |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where:
-
- site-name
- is the domain address of the site which hosts the database you
- want to query (e.g., whois.internic.net). On some
- installations, the default value is still set to the old NIC
- database site (nic.ddn.mil).
-
- identifier
- is a name (person, host, domain or network), an IP number or a
- handle.
-
- Special characters may be used in identifier to specify the
- search:
-
- .
- before identifier will cause a name-only search.
-
- !
- before identifier will cause a handle-only search.
-
- ... or .
- after identifier will cause a partial search: everything
- starting with identifier will match.
-
- @
- in identifier will cause a search on the e-mail addresses.
-
- *
- before identifier will return the entire membership list of the
- entry that matches identifier (e.g., a site and its registered
- users).
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 40]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- %
- before identifier will return only the membership list of the
- entry that matches identifier (e.g., the registered users of a
- site).
-
- The special characters may be used together.
-
- The results are displayed in one of 2 ways:
-
- * a full detailed display for a single match,
- * a list of summary lines for multiple matches.
-
- In both cases, the handle is shown in parentheses after the name.
-
- 6.4.2. Using Telnet:
-
- To access the InterNIC database interactively, telnet to the
- InterNIC site (whois.internic.net). No login is required.
-
- Other WHOIS databases may have a Telnet access and offer most of
- the functions below (e.g., whois.ripe.net which hosts the WHOIS
- database of the European IP Networks).
-
- In the following, CAPITAL letters indicate acceptable
- abbreviation; angle brackets (<>) indicate an optional parameter.
-
- WHOIS
- invokes the information retrieval program.
-
- ?
- displays a short on-line help.
-
- HElp
- accesses the full on-line help.
-
- Q, QUIT, RETURN key
- exits WHOIS
-
- <keyword> identifier
- searches the database for an entry which contains identifier.
- The default action is to do a broad search, looking for matches
- in many fields: handle, name, nicknames, hostname, IP number,
- etc, and finding all record types. keyword may be used to
- narrow the search to a specific record type.
-
- keyword may be one of:
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 41]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- PErson
- limits the search to persons.
-
- DOmain
- limits the search to domains (e.g., DO EARN.NET).
-
- HOst
- limits the search to hosts (e.g., HO PRINCETON).
-
- NEtwork
- limits the search to networks (e.g., NE EBONE).
-
- Organization
- limits the search to organizations (e.g., O CREN).
-
- NAme
- same as leading '.' in identifier.
-
- HAndle
- same as '!' in identifier.
-
- PArtial
- same as trailing '.' in identifier.
-
- Mailbox
- same as '@' in identifier.
-
- EXPand
- same as '*' in identifier.
-
- SUBdisplay
- same as '%' in identifier.
-
- Full or '='
- shows detailed display for each match.
-
- SUMmary or '$'
- shows summary always, even if just one match.
-
- Special characters may be used in identifier to specify the
- search:
-
- .
- before identifier will cause a name-only search.
-
- !
- before identifier will cause a handle-only search.
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 42]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- ... or .
- after identifier will cause a partial search: everything
- starting with identifier will match.
-
- @
- in identifier will cause a search on the e-mail addresses.
-
- *
- before identifier will return the entire membership list of the
- entry that match identifier (e.g., a site and its registered
- users).
-
- %
- before identifier will return only the membership list of the
- entry that matches identifier (e.g., the registered users of a
- site).
-
- ~
- before identifier will return the entry that matches identifier
- only, no membership list.
-
- The special characters may be used together.
-
- Except if Full or SUMmary are specified, the results are
- displayed in one of 2 ways:
-
- * a full detailed display for a single match,
- * a list of summary lines for multiple matches.
-
- In all cases, the handle is shown in parenthesis after the name.
-
- 6.4.3. Using electronic mail:
-
- Users limited to electronic mail connectivity can send requests to
- the database maintained at the InterNIC by sending mail to
- mailserv@internic.net. The commands are sent in the Subject:
- field. The body part of the mail is ignored except if the Subject:
- line is empty. In that case, only the first line is interpreted.
-
- This electronic mail interface recognizes all commands described
- in Using Telnet. Requests should be prefixed with the word WHOIS.
- Requests are processed automatically once a day.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 43]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 6.5. Examples
-
- If you are using a local client, and enter the command:
-
- whois \!EARN... (remark: "\" is an escape character)
-
- or if you send by e-mail the command:
-
- whois !EARN...
-
- then you will get the following results:
-
- EARN (EARN-HST) SEINE.EARN.NET 193.52.216.1
- European Academic Research Network (EARN-DOM) EARN.NET
-
- To obtain detailed information on the second item, enter or send
- the command:
-
- whois EARN-DOM
-
- then you will get the following result:
-
- European Academic Research Network (EARN-DOM)
- EARN Office
- PSI - Batiment 211
- 91405 Orsay CEDEX
- FRANCE
-
- Domain Name: EARN.NET
-
- Administrative Contact:
- Bovio, Daniele (DB355) hi@EARNCC.EARN.NET
- +33 1 6941 2426 (FAX) +33 1 6941 6683
- Technical Contact, Zone Contact:
- Grange, Nadine (NG4) grange@EARNCC.EARN.NET
- +33 1 6941 2426 (FAX) +33 1 6941 6683
-
- Record last updated on 15-Dec-93.
-
- Domain servers in listed order:
-
- SEINE.EARN.NET 193.52.216.1
- DNS.NIS.GARR.IT 192.12.192.5,131.114.2.5
- LUMIERE.CIRCE.FR 130.84.8.14
-
- For a partial search, enter:
-
- whois hi@ear...
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 44]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- then you will get the following result:
-
- Bovio, Daniele (DB355) hi@EARNCC.EARN.NET
- EARN
- EARN Office
- PSI - BP Batiment 211
- 91405 ORSAY CEDEX, France
- FR
- +33 1 6941 2426 (FAX) +33 1 6941 6683
-
- 6.6. Learning more about WHOIS
-
- The WHOIS service is documented in an Internet Request For Comments
- (RFC 1400).
-
- If you have any questions about WHOIS write to action@internic.net.
-
- Bug reports, comments, suggestions, etc. should be mailed to
- action@internic.net.
-
- 7. X.500
-
- 7.1. What is X.500
-
- X.500 is an OSI (Open System Information) based directory services
- protocol designed by the CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone
- Consultative Committee).
-
- X.500 provides distributed directory services to network users. The
- X.500 directory specifies a model for connecting directory services
- to form one distributed global directory. Each directory service
- holds a part of the global database and the directory information is
- made available via a server (called a Directory System Agent - DSA).
- The database is maintained locally. From the user point of view, the
- entire directory is accessible from the local server.
-
- While most of the information available today via X.500 is about
- people and organizations, the design of the X.500 directory is also
- suitable for storing information about other entities (or objects),
- such as network resources, applications or hardware. Several projects
- are underway which utilize these directory capabilities (e.g., the
- Internet RFCs (Request For Comments) are listed in the global
- directory).
-
- Each item (entry) in the X.500 directory describes one object (e.g.,
- a person, a network resource, an organization) and has a
- Distinguished Name - DN (a unique identifier). It consists of a
- collection of attributes (e.g., last name, organization name, e-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 45]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- mail,...- for a person). The information held in the X.500 directory
- (or Directory Information Base - DIB) is arranged hierarchically.
- This organization is called the Directory Information Tree (DIT). At
- the top-level is the root entry (the World), then the country level,
- then the organization level, and, eventually, the people, the
- resources, etc., at the bottom-level of the hierarchy.
-
- 7.2. Who can use X.500
-
- Although X.500 is part of the OSI standard definition, OSI access is
- not necessary to use the directory services. Many X.500 services are
- available on the Internet. In addition, users on any network can
- access the X.500 directory by electronic mail. See the section Using
- X.500 below for details.
-
- 7.3. How to get to X.500
-
- There are three ways to access the X.500 services: via a local
- client, interactive session (Telnet or X.25 access) or electronic
- mail. Each type of access is described below in the Using X.500
- section.
-
- In addition, other network tools (e.g., WWW and Gopher) provide
- access to X.500 directory services through gateways.
-
- Accessing a remote client is an easy way to start querying the X.500
- directory. Some sites allow public access via Telnet or X.25 to a
- client. Public access user interfaces are available at:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 46]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | Telnet (login) Public X.25 (login) Country |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | jethro.ucc.su.oz.au (fred) Australia |
- | elem4.vub.ac.be (dua) 222100611 Belgium |
- | login.dkuug.dk (ds) Denmark |
- | nic.funet.fi (dua) Finland |
- | 20800603053201 France |
- | (login: dua, password: ucom.x) France |
- | 26245050230303 Germany |
- | ashe.cs.tcd.ie (de) Ireland |
- | jolly.nis.garr.it (de or fred) 22225010083212 Italy |
- | zoek.nic.surfnet.nl (zoek) Netherlands|
- | elc1.mat.torun.edu.pl (de or dish) Poland |
- | chico.rediris.es (directorio) 2142160234013 Spain |
- | hypatia.umdc.umu.se (de) 240374810306 Sweden |
- | nic.switch.ch (dua) 22847971014540 Switzerland|
- | paradise.ulcc.ac.uk (dua) 23421920014853 Paradise |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Paradise is a European project to encourage the use of X.500 in
- European countries.
-
- To connect to one of these sites, select an access method (Telnet or
- X.25) and at the login: prompt type the specified login, if required.
-
- 7.4. Using X.500
-
- X.500 supports data management functions (addition, modification and
- deletion of entries) and powerful lookup capabilities. The use of
- X.500 is primarily for its lookup capabilities, ie, querying a
- database for information on a person (postal address, telephone
- number, e-mail address, etc.). The basic fields for searching are the
- person's name, the name of the person's organization (and department
- within the organization) and the country.
-
- In the following, angle brackets (<>) indicate an optional parameter;
- a vertical (|) indicates a choice of parameters.
-
- 7.4.1. Using a local client:
-
- In the X.500 world, a local client is called a Directory User
- Agent (DUA) Public domain and commercial DUAs are available for
- numerous platforms ranging from mainframes to personal computers.
- For a comprehensive list of DUAs, their description and where to
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 47]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- find them, consult the Internet document RFC 1292 - A Catalog of
- Available X.500 Implementations.
-
- Available DUAs range from simple line commands to sophisticated
- graphical user interfaces which require a pointing device.
-
- 7.4.2. Using Telnet or X.25:
-
- 3 categories of user interfaces might be available at the remote
- site:
-
- * line-oriented: de, dish, fred
- * menu-driven: sd (formerly known as widget)
- * X-Windows-based: Xdi, Xlookup (or xlu), pod
-
- Capabilities of these DUAs range from basic search facilities to
- full X.500 functionality.
-
- de (directory enquiries) is recommended for novice users since it
- is a very simple user-interface. It has been designed to run as a
- public access DUA and is accessible from any kind of terminal. It
- supports the basic X.500 functions: read, search, list. The Simple
- query mode is suitable for those who are new to querying the X.500
- directory.
-
- de
- invokes the X.500 interrogation user-interface.
-
- q
- exits de.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 48]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- ?<topic>
- displays the on-line help on the specified topic or general
- help.
-
- ^C
- (Ctrl-C) is the interrupt character. It aborts a search in
- progress or resets the current query specification.
-
- *
- (asterisk) will list all entries of the specified field. It is
- also the wildcard character and can replace any other character
- in a name. It can appears anywhere in the name, e.g.: smit* or
- *smit* are valid string formats.
-
- -
- resets the default value to a blank string.
-
- When de is invoked, the user is requested to fill in 4 fields to
- specify a request. In all fields, the value from the previous
- request is the default value. Press the RETURN key to accept it,
- or enter a new value. All searches are case insensitive.
-
- The four fields to be filled in are:
-
- Person's name
- Wildcard characters may be used anywhere in the name. All
- matching names will be listed. Typing only "*" will match all
- people of the specified department or organization. If this
- field is blank, the search will be on department or
- organization only.
-
- Department name
- the name (or an acronym) of the department in the organization
- where the person works. Wildcard characters may be used
- anywhere in the name. Typing only "*" will match all
- departments. If no person's name has been entered, details on
- the department are displayed, otherwise, the search is carried
- out with the selected name. If no department name is given, all
- departments will be searched. This field could be omitted in
- small organizations.
-
- Organization name
- the name (or an acronym) of the organization where the
- person works. Wildcard characters may be used anywhere in
- the name. Typing only "*" will match all organizations. If no
- person's name or department name has been entered, details on
- the organization are displayed, otherwise, the search is
- carried out with the selected name.
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 49]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Country name
- the name of the country where the person works. Typing "*" will
- list all countries. The country name could be the 2-letter
- country code (e.g., DK stands for Denmark), the name or a part
- of it without wildcards (e.g., nether instead of The
- Netherlands).
-
- If a large number of matching entries are found, they are listed
- so that the user can select one entry to get further details.
-
- 7.4.3. Using electronic mail:
-
- The Norwegian networking organization (UNINETT) offers an e-mail
- interface to X.500. To use it, send a mail message to:
- Directory@UNINETT.NO with the word find in the Subject: field. The
- body part contains the search request, one per message.
-
- The format of the search request is:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | find <person-name> <: org-name <; country-name>> | |
- | <; country-name> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- If org-name and country-name are omitted, the sender's
- organization name and country name are used as default values. The
- mail interface guesses these values from the From: field of your
- mail, so the results can be surprising if your address ends with
- .bitnet!
-
- "*" (asterisk) is the wildcard character and can replace any other
- characters in any name. It can appear anywhere in the name.
-
- The result of the query is sent back in a mail message. The search
- is case insensitive.
-
- Note: To avoid overloading the directory service, users are not
- allowed to search for a person without selecting an organization.
- To receive a help file, send the word help instead of a find
- command.
-
- 7.5. Examples
-
- Using de, you can search for the Anthropoloy department of the
- University College of London in United Kingdom, with the following
- request:
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 50]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Person's name, q to quit, * to browse, ? for help
- :-
- Department name, * to browse, ? for help
- :- a*
- Organisation name, * to browse, ? for help
- :- ucl
- Country name, * to browse, ? for help
- :- uk
-
- A few entries match the selected department, all are listed for
- further selection:
-
- United Kingdom
- University College London
-
- Got the following matches. Please select one from the list
- by typing the number corresponding to the entry you want.
-
- United Kingdom
- University College London
- 1 A.U.T. Office
- 2 American Institute for Foreign Study
- 3 Anatomy and Developmental Biology
- 4 Anthropology
- 5 Audio Visual Centre
- Department name, * to browse, ? for help
- :- 4
- United Kingdom
- University College London
- Anthropology
- Telephone Number +44 71-387-7050 x2455
- fax +44 71 380 7728
-
- If you are looking for Erik Lawaetz from UNI-C in Denmark, you can
- enter the following request (default values come from a previous
- request):
-
- Person's name, q to quit, * to browse, ? for help
- :- law*
- Department name, * to browse, <CR> to search all depts, ?
- for help
- :-
- Organisation name, * to browse, ? for help
- :- uni-c
- Country name, * to browse, ? for help
- :- dk
-
- One entry matches the selected criteria, details are displayed:
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 51]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Denmark
- UNI-C
- Erik Lawaetz
- postalAddress UNI-C
- DTH
- Bygning 305
- DK-2800 Lyngby
- Telephone Number +45 45 93 83 55
- +45 42 88 39 99 x2018
- fax +45 45 93 02 20
- electronic mail Erik.Lawaetz@uni-c.dk
-
- If you send mail to Directory@UNINETT.NO with the request:
- find geir ped* : *oslo ; no
-
- you'll get the following result:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- This message is in response to your request to the directory to
- find
-
- geir ped* : *oslo ; no
-
- This is interpreted as a request to find a person with a name
- matching "geir ped*" in an organisation with name matching
- "*oslo" in a country with a name matching "no".
-
- There were 8 organisations with a name matching the
- organizational name you specified. Within those organisations
- there were 7 persons that had a name matching the personal name
- you specified. Directory information for the located persons is
- shown below.
-
- Geir Pedersen : Universitetet i Oslo ; Norway
-
- Alternate Geir Kenneth Pedersen
- Alternate Geir K. Pedersen
- E-Mail (RFC) Geir.Pedersen@usit.uio.no
- E-Mail (X.400) /G=geir/S=pedersen/OU=usit/O=uio/PRMD=uninett/
- ADMD= /C=no/
- Postal Address Postboks 1059 - Blindern
- 0316 Oslo 3
- NORWAY
- Phone +47-22-852478
- Phone +47-22-852470 (front-office)
- Fax-phone +47-22-852730
- Description Project leader for UNINETTs X.500 projects
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 52]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- User ID geirp
- Favorite Drink Farris
- Street Address Gaustadalleen 23
- Home Address Gaustadveien 17A
- 0372 Oslo 3
- NORWAY
- See also Geir Pedersen : UNINETT ; Norway
- Entry updated Tue Jun 15 11:51:31 1993
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- and 6 other entries.
-
- 7.6. Learning more about X.500
-
- Several Internet RFC documents deal with X.500:
-
- RFC 1292 A Catalog of Available X.500 Implementations.
-
- RFC 1308 Executive Introduction to Directory Services Using the
- X.500 Protocol,
-
- RFC 1309 Technical Overview of Directory Services Using the
- X.500 Protocol,
-
- The official source of information on X.500 is the X.500
- recommendation published by the CCITT (Blue Book, Volume VIII -
- Fascicle VIII.8, Data Communication Networks Directory,
- Recommendations X.500-X.521, CCITT, 1988, ISBN 92-61-03731-3). This
- document is also available electronically: send the command GET
- ITU-5233 to itudoc@itu.ch or consult the ITU document store via
- Gopher to gopher.itu.ch. This is not intended for the casual user!
-
- 8. NETFIND
-
- 8.1. What is NETFIND
-
- NETFIND is an Internet user directory tool. It provides a simple
- Internet white pages directory facility.
-
- Given the name of a person on the Internet and a rough description of
- where the person works, Netfind attempts to locate telephone and
- electronic mailbox information about the person. It does so using a
- seed database of domains and hosts in the network.
-
- Netfind finds information about people through the Internet protocols
- SMTP and finger. If the person being sought is at a site that is not
- directly connected to the Internet (e.g., the site is connected only
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 53]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- through a mail forwarding gateway), Netfind informs the user that the
- person can not be found.
-
- Due to the dynamic nature of Netfind's search procedures and
- variations in Internet availability, different results can be
- obtained for the same search on different occasions.
-
- The Netfind software can only run on Suns running SunOS 4.0 or more
- recent.
-
- 8.2. Who can use NETFIND
-
- You must be on the international TCP/IP network (the Internet) in
- order to use Netfind. Moreover, Netfind can only find information on
- users who are on the Internet.
-
- There is no e-mail access to Netfind.
-
- 8.3. How to get to NETFIND
-
- You can access Netfind through software at your site (local access),
- or you can use Telnet to access it at one of the following hosts
- (remote access) and log in as netfind, no password is needed.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | Host Country |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | archie.au Australia |
- | netfind.anu.edu.au Australia |
- | netfind.ee.mcgill.ca Canada |
- | malloco.ing.puc.cl Chile |
- | netfind.vslib.cz Czech Republic |
- | monolith.cc.ic.ac.uk England |
- | nic.nm.kr Korea |
- | lincoln.technet.sg Singapore |
- | nic.uakom.sk Slovakia |
- | bruno.cs.colorado.edu USA |
- | ds.internic.net USA |
- | mudhoney.micro.umn.edu USA |
- | netfind.oc.com USA |
- | redmont.cis.uab.edu USA |
- | dino.conicit.ve Venezuela |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 54]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 8.4. Using NETFIND
-
- To use Netfind, you give it the name of a person and keywords
- indicating where that person works. After you specify a search,
- Netfind looks in its seed database to find domains matching the
- specified keywords. If there is more than one matching domain,
- Netfind displays the list of matching domains, and asks you to select
- up to three to search. If the keys you specified match more than 100
- domains, Netfind will list some of the matching domains/organizations
- and ask you to form a more specific search. You can use any of the
- parts of an organization's name (or any of the components of its
- domain name) as keys in searches. Using more than one key implies the
- logical AND of the keys. Specifying too many keys may cause searches
- to fail.
-
- When it completes the search (or when interrupted by <circ>C),
- Netfind summarizes the search results. The summary includes problems
- searching remote domains, information about the most promising e-mail
- address for the person being sought (if available), and information
- about when and where the person most recently/is currently logged in
- (if available). If more than one person is located by a search, the
- summary does not include information about e-mail targets and most
- recent/current logins (since only the user can decide which person
- was the correct one)
-
- 8.4.1. Local access:
-
- The format of the Netfind command is:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | netfind <options> name-keyword place-keywords |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where the options are:
-
- -h
- tells Netfind to skip the domain search phase, and immediately
- begin searching individual machines found in the seed database.
- This option exists for measurement purposes. It is not of much
- use to casual users.
-
- -s
- will disable usage of the SMTP protocol during searches. This
- option is mainly useful for measurement purposes. Without this
- protocol, searches will begin producing finger output slightly
- sooner, but will often search less useful machines, generate
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 55]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- more Internet load, and fail to find information for users at
- sites that do not support finger (such as many companies).
-
- -t
- will report how many timeouts occurred. The -T option will set
- the timeout interval to the specified number of seconds. It may
- be necessary to use this option to increase the timeout value
- for intercontinental searches.
-
- -D
- sets the maximum number of domains that Netfind will search at
- once. The default is 3. While it may seem convenient to set a
- high value for this number, we suggest you do not do this. The
- search will actually proceed faster (and waste less Internet
- bandwidth) if a small number of well chosen domains are
- searched.
-
- -H
- sets the maximum number of machines that will be searched by
- Netfind. The default value is 50. Again, we suggest that you
- do not set this value higher.
-
- -m
- displays measurement information. If no filename is specified,
- measurements are output to stderr. The packet count estimates
- are usually exaggerated, because they make pessimistic
- assumptions about the state of the Domain Naming System.
-
- -d
- allows you to turn on various classes of debugging output (all
- of which are output to stderr), using a letter corresponding to
- each one. Debugging output is enabled using the -d option with
- a list of letters, e.g., -dslf. The following classes/letters
- exist:
-
- c:
- display control messages (check if the program has reached a
- specified point)
-
- f: display finger related messages
-
- h:
- list machine names found in the seed database
-
- l:
- display lock related messages (when entering monitors)
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 56]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- m:
- display messages about mail protocol (SMTP)
-
- n:
- display messages about network failures
-
- r:
- display hosts matched from the seed database that were
- rejected from searches because of search scope selection
-
- s:
- display system call related messages
-
- t:
- display thread related messages
-
- A:
- convert the above flags to mean their complement (example
- -dAt means produce all debug output except that for
- threads).
-
- The letters that are most likely to be of interest to the
- casual user are f, m, and n. By default, these options are
- enabled. Specifying any of these three flags with -d on the
- command line will disable them (hence, the -d option toggles
- the default behavior of each of the flags).
-
- The name keyword specifies the person being sought by first,
- last, or login name (only one name can be specified).
-
- The place keywords describe where the person works, by either
- the name of the institution or the city/state/country. If you
- know the institution's domain name (e.g., cs.colorado.edu,
- where there are host names like brazil.cs.colorado.edu) you can
- specify it as keys without the dots (e.g., cs colorado edu).
- The host parts of domain names (brazil) cannot be used as
- keywords. Keys are case insensitive and may be specified in any
- order, although using a very common key (like university) first
- will cause internal buffers to overflow and some domains to be
- missed.
-
- Using more than one key implies the logical and of the keys.
- Specifying too many keys may cause searches to fail. If this
- happens, try specifying fewer keys.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 57]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 8.4.2. Remote access:
-
- Telnet to one of the remote Netfind sites (see How to get to
- NETFIND, above) and log in as netfind. No password is necessary.
- You will get the following menu:
-
- Top level choices:
- 1. Help
- 2. Search
- 3. Seed database lookup
- 4. Options
- 5. Quit (exit server)
-
- If you select Search, you will be given an opportunity to enter a
- name keyword and place keywords.
-
- 8.5. Examples
-
- To find the address of e-mail address of Nadine Grange, who works at
- the EARN office at CIRCE in France, you could try the keywords:
-
- nadine circe france
-
- Since there are more than three domains that fit the place keywords,
- you are asked to pick a few. The search proceeds, using the domains
- of your choice:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Please select at most 3 of the following domains to search:
- 0. circe.fr (centre national de la recherche scientifique, orsay ce
- 1. ciripa.circe.fr (centre inter-regional de calcul electronique, c
- 2. dnet.circe.fr (centre national de la recherche scientifique, ors
- 3. ibmmail.circe.fr (centre national de la recherche scientifique,
- 4. obspm.circe.fr (centre national de la recherche scientifique, or
- 5. oecd.circe.fr (centre national de la recherche scientifique, ors
- 6. phy.circe.fr (centre national de la recherche scientifique, orsa
- 7. ups.circe.fr (centre national de la recherche scientifique, orsa
- 8. cth.ups.circe.fr (centre national de la recherche scientifique,
- 9. lure.ups.circe.fr (centre national de la recherche scientifique,
- 10. lps.cth.ups.circe.fr (centre national de la recherche scientifi
-
- Enter selection (e.g., 2 0 1) --> 0
- ( 1) check_name: checking domain circe.fr. Level = 0
- Search of domains completed. Proceeding to search of hosts.
- ( 3) check_name: checking host loire.circe.fr. Level = 0
- ( 4) check_name: checking host solrt.circe.fr. Level = 0
- ( 5) check_name: checking host groucho.circe.fr. Level = 0
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 58]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- ( 1) check_name: checking host rsovax.circe.fr. Level = 0
- ( 2) check_name: checking host ventura.circe.fr. Level = 0
- ( 1) do_connect: Finger service not available on host rsovax.circe.
- ( 1) check_name: checking host earn-ng.circe.fr. Level = 0
- ( 4) check_name: checking host luregate.circe.fr. Level = 0
- SYSTEM: loire.circe.fr
- Login name: nadine In real life: Nadine Grange
- Directory: /home/nadine Shell: /bin/csh
- On since Sep 7 08:48:05 on ttyp0 4 days 21 hours Idle Time
- New mail received Sun Sep 12 00:00:08 1993;
- unread since Fri Sep 10 11:53:17 1993
- No Plan.
-
- Login name: nadine In real life: Nadine Grange
- Directory: /home/nadine Shell: /bin/csh
- On since Sep 7 09:17:09 on ttyp6 1 day 12 hours Idle Time
-
- SUMMARY:
- - "nadine" is currently logged in from
- loire.circe.fr, since Sep 7 09:17:09.
- - The most promising email address for "nadine"
- based on the above search is
- nadine@loire.circe.fr.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Note that Netfind found only an Internet address on a Unix machine.
-
- 8.6. Learning more about NETFIND
-
- The remote access version of Netfind has a large Help section. There
- is also a set of frequently asked questions available with the
- software release, in the Doc directory. These questions cover
- Functionality, Methodology, Network and Remote Site Load, Privacy,
- Future Directions, and Related Work.
-
- A noteworthy article on Netfind is:
-
- Experience with a Semantically Cognizant Internet White Pages
- Directory Tool, by M. F. Schwartz and P. G. Tsirigotis, Journal of
- Internetworking Research and Experience, March 1991, pp. 23-50.
-
- This publication discusses the research principles, performance, and
- scope measurements of Netfind, and compares it with other white pages
- facilities.
-
- There is a mailing list for Netfind users (for software updates and
- other discussions). To be added to the list, send an e-mail message
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 59]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- to netfind-users-request@cs.colorado.edu with the body (not subject
- line) subscribe netfind-users
-
- 9. TRICKLE
-
- 9.1. What is TRICKLE
-
- TRICKLE is a service which will send you files on request or by
- subscription. TRICKLE works with various anonymous FTP sites
- (computers in the Internet network that allow public access and
- retrieval of software and files). It provides a quick and easy
- alternative to FTP, whether or not you have access to the Internet.
-
- There are several TRICKLE servers throughout the world that cooperate
- to distribute the files efficiently. To request files, the user
- issues commands to the nearest TRICKLE server, which delivers the
- software either from its local cache disk, from the cache of another
- TRICKLE server, or from an FTP site that holds the software.
-
- 9.2. Who can use TRICKLE
-
- There are currently TRICKLE servers at the following addresses:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | Location EARN/BITNET Internet |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | Austria TRICKLE@AWIWUW11 TRICKLE@awiwuw11.wu-wien.ac.at|
- | Colombia TRICKLE@UNALCOL TRICKLE@unalcol.unal.edu.co |
- | France TRICKLE@FRMOP11 TRICKLE@frmop11.cnusc.fr |
- | Germany TRICKLE@DEARN TRICKLE@vm.gmd.de |
- | Israel TRICKLE@TAUNIVM TRICKLE@vm.tau.ac.il |
- | Italy TRICKLE@IMIPOLI TRICKLE@imipoli.cdc.polimi.it |
- | Netherlands TRICKLE@HEARN TRICKLE@hearn.nic.surfnet.nl |
- | Poland TRICKLE@PLEARN TRICKLE@plearn.edu.pl |
- | Sweden TRICKLE@SEARN TRICKLE@searn.sunet.se |
- | Turkey TRICKLE@TREARN TRICKLE@ege.edu.tr |
- | Turkey TRICKLE@TRMETU TRICKLE@3090.cc.metu.edu.tr |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- When you send a command to a TRICKLE server, it either executes the
- command or sends you a message with the address of the TRICKLE server
- for your area.
-
- The files which are available from TRICKLE are organized in main
- directories which contain many subdirectories. The main directories
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 60]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- which are currently available are:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | Directory Source FTP Site Contents |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | MSDOS oak.oakland.edu Large MS-DOS software archive|
- | MISC oak.oakland.edu Software for VM, VMS, Unix |
- | SIGM oak.oakland.edu SIG/M CP/M archive |
- | PC-BLUE oak.oakland.edu PC-BLUE MS-DOS archive |
- | CPM oak.oakland.edu CP/M software archive |
- | ARCHIVES oak.oakland.edu Various discussion group arc.|
- | UNIX-C oak.oakland.edu Unix and C code software arc.|
- | MACINTOS oak.oakland.edu Apple Macintosh software arc.|
- | OS2 2tp-os2.nmsu.edu Large archive of OS/2 sw |
- | AMIGA nic.funet.fi Large Amiga collection |
- | KERMIT watsun.cc.columbia.edu Kermit network software |
- | TEX rusinfo.rus.uni-stuttgart.de TeX software and fonts |
- | WUARCHIVE wuarchive.wustl.edu MS-DOS and others |
- | EXPO-MIT export.lcs.mit.edu Unix and others |
- | UUNET ftp.uu.net Unix and others |
- | SUMEX-AIM sumex-aim.stanford.edu Macintosh and others |
- | GARFIELD garfield.catt.ncsu.edu Multimedia (pictures/sounds) |
- | X11 export.lcs.mit.edu X-Windows software distrib. |
- | LINUX nic.funet.fi Linux system software dist. |
- | VM-CMS ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu VM/CMS utilities |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Not all directories are available at all servers. If your closest
- server does not provide the directory of your choice, you can use any
- other TRICKLE for the missing directory. If your closest server is
- temporarily unavailable, you can use any other TRICKLE instead.
-
- 9.3. How to get to TRICKLE
-
- You send commands to TRICKLE by electronic mail. The commands should
- be in the body of the mail message, one command per line. Any number
- of commands (up to your daily command limit) may be placed in one
- message. Users on the EARN/Bitnet network may also send commands to
- TRICKLE by interactive message.
-
- 9.4. Using TRICKLE
-
- All commands begin with a slash (/). Note that the angle brackets
- (<>) are part of the command, not an indication of an optional
- parameter.
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 61]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Use the /PDDIR command to obtain directory listings.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | /PDDIR |
- | |
- | /PDDIR <dirname> |
- | |
- | /PDDIR <dirname.subdirname>pattern |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where:
-
- dirname
- is the name of a main directory,
-
- subdirname
- is the name of a subdirectory,
-
- pattern
- is part of a filename.
-
- Use /PDDIR without any parameters to get a listing of the main
- directories. With PDDIR <dirname> you will get a listing of the
- subdirectories under that directory. If you specify both directory
- and subdirectory, it will list the files that are available in that
- subdirectory. With pattern, you will get a listing of only those
- files that match or begin with that pattern. Wildcards "?" and "*"
- may be imbedded into subdirname and pattern ("?" matches any single
- character; "*" matches any number of characters).
-
- Use the /PDGET command to get files.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | /PDGET <dirname.subdirname>filename ( delivery-option |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where:
-
- dirname
- is the name of a main directory,
-
- subdirname
- is the name of a subdirectory,
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 62]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- filename
- is the name of a file.
-
- delivery-option
- specifies the format to which the file(s) should be translated
- before being sent to you. The possible values are:
-
- EBC80 UUE XXE HEX BTOA
-
- The option EBC80 should be used to get text files if you work on
- an IBM mainframe system. The other options are formats for
- translating binary files so that they can be sent via electronic
- mail. You will need a program to translate the file back to its
- original form. The default for EARN/Bitnet users is to send the
- file as-is. The default for others is UUE.
-
- Wildcards "?" and "*" may be imbedded into subdirname and filename
- ("?" matches any single character; "*" matches any number of
- characters) to get several files.
-
- The /SUB command is used to subscribe to directories or to individual
- files.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | /SUB <dirname> |
- | |
- | /SUB <dirname.subdirname>pattern |
- | |
- | /SUB QUERY |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where:
-
- dirname
- is the name of a main directory,
-
- subdirname
- is the name of a subdirectory,
-
- pattern
- is part of a filename.
-
- If you subscribe to a directory, you will get a summary of added
- files about once a week, depending on how active the FTP site is.
- This listing shows the names, sizes and dates of each file added. If
- you subscribe to a file, as soon as TRICKLE is informed that a new
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 63]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- version of the file has been stored at its FTP site, a copy of the
- file will be sent to you.
-
- Note that since filenames usually reflect the version number of the
- file, it is a good idea to omit the number when specifying a pattern.
- For example, it is better to send the command:
-
- /SUB <MSDOS.VIRUS>SCANV
-
- rather than
-
- /SUB <MSDOS.VIRUS>SCANV106
-
- since, as new versions of the file are stored, the name might change
- to SCANV107, SCANV108, etc.
-
- Wildcards are not allowed with the /SUB command.
-
- The /SUB QUERY command allows you to get a list of the files you are
- subscribed to.
-
- The /UNSUB command may be used to cancel a subscription.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | /UNSUB <dirname> |
- | |
- | /UNSUB <dirname.subdirname>pattern |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where:
-
- dirname
- is the name of a main directory,
-
- subdirname
- is the name of a subdirectory,
-
- pattern
- is part of a filename.
-
- The command /UNSUB * may be used to terminate all your directory and
- file subscriptions.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 64]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 9.5. Examples
-
- For a listing of the files in the VIRUS subdirectory of (the MSDOS
- directory, send the command:
-
- /PDDIR <MSDOS.VIRUS>
-
- To get the file 00-INDEX.TXT from <MSDOS.VIRUS> in EBCDIC format,
- send the command:
-
- /PDGET <MSDOS.VIRUS>00-INDEX.TXT ( EBC80
-
- If you are not sure of the exact name of the file, you can use
- wildcards:
-
- /PDGET <MSDOS.VIR*>*INDEX* ( EBC80
-
- To subscribe to automatically get new versions of the SCANV
- software from <MSDOS.VIRUS>, send the command:
-
- /SUB <MSDOS.VIRUS>SCANV
-
- To unsubscribe from all files in the VIRUS subdirectory, send the
- command:
-
- /UNSUB <MSDOS.VIRUS>*
-
- 9.6. Learning more about TRICKLE
-
- The /HELP command may be sent to any TRICKLE server to obtain a very
- detailed help file from the server.
-
- A brief guide to TRICKLE is available from the EARN documentation
- filelist. Send mail to LISTSERV@EARNCC.EARN.NET (or
- LISTSERV@EARNCC.BITNET). In the body of the message, write:
-
- GET TRICKLE MEMO
-
- 10. BITFTP
-
- 10.1. What is BITFTP
-
- BITFTP, BITNET FTP Server, allows users of EARN, Bitnet and
- associated networks to access FTP sites on the Internet.
-
- The BITFTP server provides a mail interface between a user on the
- EARN/Bitnet network to FTP sites on the Internet. BITFTP handles this
- task by passing the commands specified in the mail message from the
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 65]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- user to another server that actually makes the connection to the FTP
- sites. When the server finishes the interaction with the FTP site,
- or fails due to an error, a transcript of the result is sent back to
- the user, as well as the requested file(s), if any.
-
- The format of the files sent to the user can be defined within the
- mail message. BITFTP can deliver files in netdata and uuencode
- formats.
-
- 10.2. Who can use BITFTP
-
- BITFTP is currently available only to users on EARN, Bitnet and other
- regional NJE networks. BITFTP does not support multiple file requests
- via the mget command nor does it support sending files to FTP sites
- (the put command).
-
- 10.3. How to get to BITFTP
-
- There are BITFTP servers currently running at:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | BITFTP@DEARN.BITNET or BITFTP@VM.GMD.DE Germany |
- | BITFTP@PUCC.BITNET or BITFTP@PUCC.PRINCETON.EDU USA |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Users on the EARN/Bitnet international network only may use the US
- server. Only users from EARN member countries may use the server in
- Germany. Servers at other locations are planned.
-
- BITFTP accepts requests via electronic mail, including IBM NOTE and
- PROFS-format messages, as well as by NJE file transfer.
-
- 10.4. Using BITFTP
-
- BITFTP implements a large subset of the FTP commands of the IBM's
- TCP/IP for VM, using the same syntax. This software is documented in
- the IBM manual TCP/IP for VM User's Guide. In the following, angle
- brackets (<>) indicate an optional parameter.
-
- Use the ftp command to specify which host to connect to. This command
- must be the first command in your mail file. You can also specify the
- file format that you wish BITFTP to use to deliver files to you.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 66]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | ftp hostname <fileformat> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where:
-
- hostname
- is either the IP address or the domain name of the host to connect
- to,
-
- fileformat
- is the format in which BITFTP should deliver files to you. It can
- be either netdata or uuencode.
-
- Use the user command to tell the host the username and the password
- to be used for the FTP connection. Note that on many FTP sites, both
- username and password are case-sensitive.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | user username password |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where:
-
- username
- is the user-id to use for the FTP connection,
-
- password
- is the password for the username you specified. It can be omitted
- if you specified anonymous for the userid.
-
- Use the cd command to select a particular directory as current
- directory.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | cd directory-name |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where:
-
- directory-name
- is the name of the directory to be selected.
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 67]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Use the dir command to display a list of the files in the current, or
- specified, directory. The file names, and depending on the site, the
- file size, file creation date and other information will be listed.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | dir <pattern> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where:
-
- pattern
- is a pattern that defines which file names should be displayed.
- Many FTP sites are case-sensitive, thus care must be used with the
- pattern. The pattern may contain any number of characters, and the
- wildcard character "*" (asterisk) may be used to represent any
- characters.
-
- The ls command is similar to the dir command, except that with most
- FTP sites, it only displays the filenames, without any other
- information. The pattern specification is identical to dir.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | ls <pattern> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use the get command to obtain a file from the current host.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | get foreignname <localname> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where:
-
- foreignname
- is the filename of the file, as stored at the FTP site. With many
- sites, the case of the filename must be respected.
-
- localname
- is an optional local filename. If you specify a localname, it must
- be in the form: filename.filetype where neither part is longer
- than eight characters.
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 68]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Use the binary command to set the FTP transfer mode. If this option
- is set then no EBCDIC-ASCII translation will take place. This should
- be used for non-text files.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | binary |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use the quit command to close the connection to the host, and to
- terminate the BITFTP session.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | quit |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- 10.5. Examples
-
- To get the file how.to.ftp.guide from the directory
- /pub/nic/network.service.guides at the anonymous FTP site
- nic.sura.net, and to get a listing of the files in that directory,
- you could send the following commands by e-mail to BITFTP:
-
- ftp nic.sura.net
- user anonymous
- cd pub/nic/network.service.guides
- get how.to.ftp.guide
- dir
- quit
-
- In response you will receive an e-mail containing the following lines
- (some lines have been removed for brevity):
-
- > ftp nic.sura.net
- > user anonymous
- >> OPEN NIC.SURA.NET
- >> USER anonymous
-
- > cd pub/nic/network.service.guides
- >> CD pub/nic/network.service.guides
-
- > get how.to.ftp.guide
- >>>> "how.to.ftp.guide" sent as "HOWTO FTPGUIDE".
-
- > dir
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 69]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- total 60
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 mtaranto 120 344 Apr 14 1992 README
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 mtaranto 120 12759 Oct 30 1992 how.to.email.guide
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 mtaranto 120 6327 Mar 24 13:28 how.to.ftp.guide
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 root 120 2818 Mar 4 1992 how.to.telnet.guide
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 mtaranto 120 6136 Oct 30 1992 how.to.use.vi.guide
- -rw-r--r-- 1 1086 120 0 Aug 18 21:23 plane.
-
- The above directory listing is typical of the format of Unix FTP
- sites. There is information on file permissions and ownership as
- well as the size of the file in bytes, the time and date of its last
- change, and the file name.
-
- You could request the first two files by once again sending mail to
- BITFTP with the following commands:
-
- ftp nic.sura.net
- user anonymous
- cd pub/nic/network.service.guides
- get README
- get how.to.email.guide
- quit
-
- 10.6. Learning more about BITFTP
-
- A four-page instruction to the BITFTP service can be obtained by
- sending a help command in the body of a mail message to either BITFTP
- server.
-
- Additional information on BITFTP may be obtained from EARN
- (NETHELP@EARNCC.EARN.NET or NETHELP@EARNCC.BITNET). More information
- about TCP/IP and FTP in general can be obtained from a wide variety
- of sources, such as the documents mentioned in the example above.
-
- 11. LISTSERV (Version 1.7f)
-
- 11.1. What is LISTSERV
-
- LISTSERV is a distribution list management package. It runs on IBM
- VM/CMS systems in the international NJE network (EARN/ Bitnet). It
- allows groups of computer users with a common interest to communicate
- among themselves, while making efficient use of computer and network
- resources. It makes it easy for even novice users to discover, join,
- and participate in these interest group mailing lists. LISTSERV also
- provides facilities for logging and archiving of mail traffic, file
- server functions, and database searches of archives and files.
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 70]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- There are LISTSERV lists on every subject under the sun, with names
- ranging from AARPUB-L (AAR Electronic Publication list) to Z3950IW
- (Z39.50 Implementors Workshop). LISTSERV lists are international and
- eclectic. You will find lists in every imaginable field, for every
- audience, in many different countries and in many different
- languages. See the description of the List command in the section
- Using LISTSERV section for instructions on getting an up-to-date list
- of lists.
-
- 11.2. Who can use LISTSERV
-
- Anyone who can send electronic mail to an EARN/Bitnet address can
- participate in a mailing list and access other LISTSERV facilities,
- as long as the e-mail format is valid (according to the RFC822
- standard), and has a usable return address. Every day, people use
- LISTSERV from HEPnet, Internet, Compuserve, MCIMail and many other
- networks throughout the world.
-
- If you don't know how to send electronic mail to EARN/Bitnet, ask
- your local support people for help.
-
- 11.3. How to get to LISTSERV
-
- To use LISTSERV facilities, send electronic mail with your LISTSERV
- commands to: LISTSERV@host-id where host-id is the host computer's
- NJE address (for example, TAUNIVM.BITNET) or its Internet domain name
- (in this case, VM.TAU.AC.IL). There may be some local variation on
- the format needed to send mail to Bitnet or Internet addresses. Check
- with your local support personnel.
-
- More than one command can be sent to LISTSERV in the same mail
- message. Each command must be on a separate line. LISTSERV will
- ignore the Subject: line of the mail header, so ensure that your
- commands are in the body of the e-mail.
-
- For EARN/Bitnet users, interactive messages are the fastest and most
- convenient way to send commands to LISTSERV, but bear in mind that
- interactive messages only work when the links between your computer
- and LISTSERV are up; if the message fails, you can always send your
- command via mail.
-
- To facilitate communications with the LISTSERV servers on the
- EARN/Bitnet network, a special LISTSERV computer node has been
- defined. This means that any EARN/Bitnet user can address their
- commands to the userid LISTSERV at the special node LISTSERV.
-
- All non-EARN/Bitnet users may address their command mail to the
- userid LISTSERV at the special node LISTSERV.NET. Note that if this
-
-
-
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-
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-
-
- node is not yet defined on your network, you may also try
- LISTSERV%LISTSERV.BITNET@CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU. For example, if you wanted
- to join the 3D-L mailing list that discusses 3D computer graphics but
- are not sure of the address of the LISTSERV server hosting this list.
- You could send a subscription request to either of the following
- addresses:
-
- LISTSERV@LISTSERV.NET
- LISTSERV@LISTSERV (on BITNET)
-
-
- Your subscription request will be automatically forwarded on to the
- LISTSERV server hosting the 3D-L mailing list (in this case, at the
- computer node ARIZVM1 or ARIZVM1.CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU).
-
- You may also utilize the special LISTSERV address to send e-mail to
- any LISTSERV mailing list if you are unsure of its address. For
- example, if you wanted to send mail to the BITFTP-L mailing list to
- request a copy of the BITFTP product, you could do so by addressing
- your e-mail to BITFTP-L@LISTSERV.NET. It will automatically be
- forwarded to the list's real address (in this case,
- BITFTP-L@EARNCC.EARN.NET) when it reaches the LISTSERV node. Once you
- know the real address of a list, it should be used for all future
- mail sent to that list.
-
- There are more than 250 sites in over 30 countries throughout the
- world running LISTSERV as part of the world-wide network. Here are a
- few of the LISTSERV sites:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | NJE Domain Site Country|
- | Host Address |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | EARNCC EARNCC.EARN.NET |
- | EARN Office, Paris France|
- | DEARN VM.GMD.DE |
- | GMD, Bonn Germany|
- | HEARN HEARN.NIC.SURFNET.NL |
- | Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen Netherlands|
- | SEARN SEARN.SUNET.SE |
- | Kungliga Tekniska Hoegskolan, Stockholm Sweden|
- | BITNIC BINTIC.CREN.NET |
- | BITNET Network Information Center USA|
- | PUCC PUCC.PRINCETON.EDU |
- | Princeton University, New Jersey USA|
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 72]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 11.4. Using LISTSERV
-
- The commands given here are available for everyone and require no
- special LISTSERV command privileges. Only the most common commands
- are described. For a complete list of non-privileged LISTSERV
- commands, retrieve the LISTSERV User Guide in the DOC FILELIST from
- LISTSERV@EARNCC.EARN.NET (or LISTSERV@EARNCC.BITNET).
-
- Commands are presented in a particular format: CAPITAL letters
- indicate acceptable abbreviation, angle brackets (<>) indicate an
- optional parameter, and vertical bar (|) indicates a choice of
- parameters. All parameters are fully explained in each command
- description.
-
- There is a standard set of command keywords available for use in some
- LISTSERV commands. They may be used with any commands where they
- appear as optional parameters in the command description. The
- important standard keywords are:
-
- PW= password
- This keyword is used to specify a password in a command. If you
- have registered a personal password on a LISTSERV server, you will
- then have to validate certain commands by using the PW= command
- keyword in the command text. This feature is designed to prevent
- impostors from issuing commands while using your e-mail address.
- The use of passwords is strongly recommended for this reason. See
- the PW command for details on registering personal passwords. Once
- you have registered a personal password at a LISTSERV server, you
- will be obliged to include the PW= command keyword in all commands
- where it appears as an option.
-
- F= format
- This keyword controls the file format (or internal file structure)
- in which files will be sent to you. If you are not a member of the
- EARN/Bitnet network, then LISTSERV will always use the default
- file format of MAIL. Otherwise, the default file format is
- dependent upon the information held in the BITEARN NODES file
- regarding your computer. The BITEARN NODES file is a special
- network definition file used in the EARN/Bitnet network. Any user
- may ask for a file format other than their default by specifying
- it in the F= command keyword in the commands where it appears as
- an option. Note that this will not permanently change your default
- file format, its effect is only for those commands where it is
- specified. Following is a list of file formats that are valid for
- all users:
-
- XXE UUe MIME/text MIME/Appl MAIL
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 73]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- In addition, EARN/Bitnet users may specify:
-
- Netdata Card Disk Punch LPunch VMSdump
-
- Contact your local support personnel for more information about
- the file formats supported on your computer.
-
- 11.4.1. Commands for LISTS:
-
- The primary function of LISTSERV is to operate mailing lists (also
- referred to as distribution lists). Mailing lists are used to
- distribute the e-mail sent to them to a list a recipients. They
- provide the means for a group of users to establish an e-mail
- forum on any topic or area of common interest. This service
- provides an extremely convenient means for the exchange of ideas
- and information between list members since LISTSERV (and not the
- mail sender) manages the distribution of e-mail to all of its
- final recipients. Users need only to remember one list address to
- which they send their mail in order to communicate to a
- potentially large number of users. Due to the efficiency with
- which LISTSERV distributes e-mail to list members, discussions or
- debates with a world-wide audience may be conducted.
-
- The following commands are designed for use with LISTSERV mailing
- lists. With them you may do things such as finding the names and
- addresses of lists, signing on to or off lists, reviewing lists or
- changing your personal options for any mailing list to which you
- are subscribed.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | SUBscribe list-name <full-name> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use the SUBscribe command to join a mailing list. You can also use
- this command to alter the name (but not e-mail address) by which
- you are known on a mailing list you have already joined. The
- list-name parameter is the name of the list to which you want to
- subscribe. For example, the EARN User Group list located at the
- node IRLEARN has a list name of EARN-UG. Do not confuse this with
- the list's address (EARN-UG@IRLEARN) which should not be used. The
- optional full-name parameter allows you to give a name by which
- you want to be known on a mailing list. If specified, it should be
- your full, real name (at least your first name and last name) and
- not your e-mail address. If you send this command to LISTSERV via
- command mail, the name for the full-name option will be taken from
- the name given in the From: mail header should it be omitted from
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 74]
-
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-
-
- the command text. If you send a SUBscribe command for a list to
- which you already belong, then LISTSERV will interpret the command
- as a request to change your full-name on the list.
-
- A request to join a mailing list can be processed in three ways:
- subscription to a list may be OPEN, CLOSED, or BY-OWNER. If it is
- OPEN, you will be automatically added to the list and sent
- notification. If it is CLOSED, you will not be added to the list,
- and LISTSERV will send you a message telling you that your request
- has been rejected. If it is BY-OWNER, your subscription request
- will be forwarded to the list owner(s), who will decide whether or
- not to add you to the list (LISTSERV will inform you to whom your
- request has been forwarded). To see what kind of subscription a
- list has, use the REView command.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | UNSubscribe list-name | * <(NETWIDE> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use the UNSubscribe command to leave a mailing list. The listname
- parameter is the name of a mailing list from which you want to
- remove your subscription. You can signoff all the lists to which
- you are a member at any particular LISTSERV site by using the "*"
- (asterisk) character in the place of a list name. If you want your
- UNSubscribe command to be propagated to all LISTSERV servers on
- the network, include the (NETWIDE option. Use this option if you
- are changing your e-mail address or are leaving your computer for
- an extended period.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | List <options> <F= format> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use the List command to get a listing of available mailing lists
- at a LISTSERV server. The options parameter may be any of the
- following:
-
- Short
- This option displays a summary of all the lists managed by a
- LISTSERV in a brief, one line description. This is the default.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 75]
-
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-
-
- Long
- The Long (or Detailed) option will send a file (called
- node-name LISTS) to you that contains a comprehensive
- description of the lists managed by a LISTSERV server.
-
- Global <pattern>
- This option gives a complete list of all known LISTSERV mailing
- lists at all servers at the time the command is issued. A file
- (called LISTSERV LISTS) will be sent to you containing the
- names, titles and e-mail addresses of these lists. This is a
- very large file, so make sure you have the necessary disk space
- to accommodate its size before you use the Global option. The
- optional pattern parameter can be used to match any string in
- the list name, list title or list address.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | REView list-name <(> <options> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use the REView command to receive a listing of a mailing list. It
- will be sent to you as a file called list-name LIST (or list-name
- node-name for peered lists). A mailing list is comprised of two
- parts: a control section and a subscription section. The control
- section holds the definition parameters for a list which includes
- information such as who is authorized to review or join a list and
- whether or not it is archived. The subscription section holds the
- e-mail addresses and names of all list members. The REView command
- allows you to receive a listing of either or both of these
- sections (the default is both) for any list, provided you are
- authorized to do so. Note that at the discretion of the list
- owner(s), the REView command can be restricted in use to list
- members only. In this case, you will not be authorized to review a
- mailing list if you are not a member of that list yourself. Also,
- individual list members can restrict the appearance of their
- e-mail address and name in response to a REView command if they
- have set the CONCEAL mailing list option (see the SET command for
- more details). The list-name parameter is the name of the LISTSERV
- list you wish to review. The important options are:
-
- Short
- This option restricts the information you receive to the
- control section of a list (giving its definition parameters)
- and does not return the subscription section of a list (giving
- the list members).
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 76]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Countries
- If you use this option, the list of members will be by the
- nationality given in their e-mail.
-
- LOCal
- If the list is peered (that is, it is linked to other mailing
- lists of the same name but on different LISTSERV servers), you
- will receive listings of all of these mailing lists in response
- to a REView command. The LOCal option can be used to suppress
- the propagation of the REView command to the LISTSERV servers
- hosting these peered mailing lists. In this case, you will
- receive a listing only from the server to which you send the
- REView command and not the others.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | Query list-name | * |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- When you join any mailing list, you will be assigned a default set
- of list options that control such things as way you received mail
- when it is distributed and the type of notification LISTSERV will
- give you when it distributes mail you have sent to a list. These
- are the personal list options that may be altered on any mailing
- list to which you are subscribed to suite your circumstances. See
- the SET command for a complete descriptions of these options. The
- Query command can be used to review the personal list options you
- have in effect at any mailing list. The listname parameter is the
- name of a list to which you are subscribed. If you use an "*"
- (asterisk) character instead of a list name, you will receive
- information about your personal options for all lists to which you
- belong at the LISTSERV to which you send the command.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | SET list-name | * options |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use the SET command to change your personal options for a mailing
- list. These options will remain in effect until they are
- explicitly changed. The Query command can be used to display your
- current optional settings for any list to which you are
- subscribed. The list-name parameter is the name of the mailing
- list for which you are changing your options. You may change your
- options for a specific list or for all the lists you belong to at
- a particular LISTSERV by using the "*" (asterisk) character in
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 77]
-
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-
-
- place of a list name. After processing your SET command, LISTSERV
- will send you conformation of the successful alteration of your
- mailing list options via e-mail. The important options are:
-
- Mail | DIGests | INDex | NOMail
- These options of the SET command alter the way in which you
- receive mail from a mailing list. The Mail option means that
- you wish to have list mail distributed to you as mail. This is
- the default. The DIGests and INDex options are available only
- if a list has had these features enabled by its owner(s).
- Digests hold all the mail messages sent to a list over a
- certain period of time. Instead of receiving each mail
- individually as it is distributed to list members, you will
- receive all the mail in one batch for a given day, week or
- month. You may then browse through these mail messages at your
- leisure. Note that mail is not edited with the DIGests option,
- you will receive copies of all the mail messages in their
- entirety. The INDex option will provide you with only the date,
- time, subject, number of lines and the sender's name and
- address for all mail messages sent to a list. The text of the
- mail message will not be included. You may then select and
- retrieve any mail that interests you from the list archive.
- Both the DIGests and INDex options provide a means of listening
- in to discussions on mailing lists without having to deal with
- large quantities of incoming mail messages. The NOMail option
- means that mail sent to the list will not be distributed to
- you. This is useful when you are leaving your computer for an
- extended period of time and you do not want mail from the list
- to fill your mailbox. When you return, you can send the SET
- command with the Mail option to restore mail service.
-
- SHORThdr | FULLhdr | IETFhdr | DUALhdr
- All mail messages are comprised of header and body sections.
- The header section provides details such as the recipients, the
- original sender and the date and time a mail message was sent.
- The mail body section contains the text of a mail message.
- These options of the SET command indicate the type of mail
- headers you want to receive in the mail distributed from a
- mailing list. SHORThdr means that the mail header will include
- only the essential informational headers (for instance the
- Date:, To:, From:, Subject:, Sender: and Reply-to: headers).
- This is the default. You may change this to FULLhdr, which
- means that all (including non-essential) mail headers will be
- present in e-mail. The IETFhdr option means that LISTSERV will
- not change the headers of a mail message it distributes to you
- other than to add a Received: mail header (and also a
- Message-id: and Sender: headers if either of these were not
- already present). This option is designed specifically for
-
-
-
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-
-
- compatibility with SMTP exploders (as used, for instance, on
- the Internet network). Lastly, DUALhdr is very similar to the
- SHORThdr option except that LISTSERV will also insert mail
- headers at the beginning of the mail body. Therefore, when the
- mail is received and read by a recipient using this option, it
- will start with this information (for instance, the first three
- lines of a mail message may contain the To:, From: and Subject:
- mail headers). This option is useful for users of some PC based
- mail packages that will not display this information from the
- real mail headers.
-
- CONCEAL | NOCONCEAL
- Indicates whether or not you want your name and mail address to
- appear in the display of list members which is given in
- response to a REView command. The default is NOCONCEAL. Note
- that a complete list of members is always given to list owners
- and LISTSERV administrators regardless of this option.
-
- +-------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | CONFIRM list-name |
- | |
- +-------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use the CONFIRM command to renew your subscription to a
- list. Some mailing lists require subscription renewal at
- regular intervals (usually once a year). A mail message is
- automatically sent to list members indicating that they must
- send a CONFIRM command within a given number of days or they
- will be removed from the list. This command must be sent from
- the same e-mail address that received the confirmation notice.
- The list-name parameter is the name of the mailing list to
- which you are confirming your subscription. LISTSERV will
- send a message that your subscription has been confirmed.
-
- 11.4.2. Commands for FILES:
-
- LISTSERV also functions as a file server. That is, files can be
- stored at a LISTSERV server and made available for retrieval by
- users upon their request. These files are stored in LISTSERV under
- a hierarchical system of filelists. As the name suggests, a
- filelist is a special file that holds a list of files. Each entry
- in a filelist describes a file that is available for retrieval and
- gives details such as the file's name and size and also a file's
- access code (also known as a FAC) which describes who is
- authorized to retrieve it. These files may themselves be
- filelists, in which case they too will hold information about
- available files or further filelists. In this way, filelists are
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 79]
-
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-
-
- organized in a hierarchical or tree structure.
-
- There are two basic types of filelists on LISTSERV servers. The
- first type holds files that have been specifically placed there by
- file owners or LISTSERV administrators. These files may be
- documents, maps or diagrams, or even programs. The second type of
- filelist is associated with a LISTSERV mailing list. These are
- referred to as list filelists and retain copies of all e-mail
- distributed on a particular mailing list. They consist of a series
- of files, each of which holds a copy of the mail messages
- distributed on a list over an interval of time (usually, one
- month). These files may then be retrieved to recover any list mail
- distributed during a specific period. Note that e-mail distributed
- on a mailing list may also be retrieved via the database functions
- of LISTSERV. Not all mailing lists have an associated list
- filelist; this is enabled at a list owner's discretion.
-
- A further aspect of the file server functions of LISTSERV is the
- concept of packages. A package consists of one or more files that
- appear in a filelist. These may be, for example, a series of files
- that go to make up a software package. A package is declared in a
- LISTSERV filelist through a file that has the special name of
- package-name $PACKAGE. Within it will be a list of all the files
- that comprise the package. This list can be reviewed by sending a
- retrieval request for that file. However, all the files that
- comprise the package may also be retrieved through a request for
- the file: package-name PACKAGE. Note that in this case, the "$"
- (dollar) symbol is dropped from the name. The files that go to
- make up the package will then automatically be sent to the
- requestor. This enables users to retrieve an entire set of files
- that belong to a package with only one command, instead of having
- to retrieve each of these files individually through a series of
- commands.
-
- The following LISTSERV commands enable general users to manipulate
- files that are stored at a server. This includes commands to
- search for, retrieve and subscribe to files. When sending file
- server commands to LISTSERV, you must address them to the server
- and not to any mailing lists. Note that where the PW= keyword
- appears in a command description, this need only be included in
- the command text if you have defined a personal password at the
- server to which you are sending file server commands. Otherwise,
- it need not be used. The optional F= command keyword may included
- as desired.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
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-
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | INDex <filelist> <F= format> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use the INDex command to get a listing of the files in a
- particular filelist. The filelist parameter specifies the name of
- the filelist you wish to get. If no name is specified, an index of
- the root filelist (called LISTSERV FILELIST) will be sent to you.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | GET filename filetype <filelist> <F= format> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- The GET command is used to retrieve a specific file or package
- from a filelist, provided you are authorized to do so. The
- filename and filetype parameters identify the file or package you
- wish to retrieve. The optional filelist parameter identifies the
- filelist within which the file or package resides. If it is not
- supplied in the command, LISTSERV will determine the filelist
- through a search of its own internal filelist index.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | AFD options |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- AFD is an acronym for Automatic File Distribution. This command
- enables you to subscribe to a file or package in a filelist. Every
- time this file or package is updated in its filelist, you will
- then automatically be sent of copy of it by the LISTSERV server.
- You may subscribe to any number of files for packages from any
- filelist with the AFD command. You may also review or delete your
- subscriptions at any LISTSERV server. The options must be one of
- the following:
-
- ADD filename filetype <filelist> <text> <PW= password>
- <F=format>
- The ADD option allows you to subscribe to a file or package.
- This means that a copy will henceforth be sent to you
- automatically by LISTSERV when it is updated on its filelist.
- The filename and filetype parameters identify a file or package
- to which you want to subscribe. The filelist option allows you
- to specify the name of the filelist in which it is located. If
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 81]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- this is not specified in the command, LISTSERV will locate the
- filelist through a search of its own internal filelist index.
- Also, if you wish to have an informational text message
- inserted automatically at the top of the file or package when
- it is sent to you, you may use the text parameter. Note that if
- you omit the filelist option, the text you provide in the text
- parameter must be enclosed in double quotes ("). This
- parameter is most commonly used by network server applications
- that subscribe to files at a LISTSERV on behalf of users. If
- you are subscribing to files directly from LISTSERV yourself,
- you should not need to use this option.
-
- DELete filename filetype <filelist> <PW= password>
- Remove your subscription to a file or package for which you
- have an AFD. The filename and filetype parameters identify a
- file or package to which you wish to remove an AFD. These names
- may also include the "*" (asterisk) wildcard character so that
- multiple files or packages may be removed with one DELete
- command. The filelist option allows you to specify the name of
- the filelist in which it is located. If this is not specified
- in the command, LISTSERV will locate the filelist through a
- search of its own internal filelist index.
-
- List <(FORMAT>
- The List option shows the files or packages to which you are
- currently subscribed at a LISTSERV. If you include the (FORMAT
- option, then the file format to be used when a file or package
- is sent to you will also be displayed.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | FUI options |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- FUI is an acronym for File Update Information. It enables you to
- subscribe to a file or package in a filelist. Every time this file
- for package is updated in its filelist, you will then
- automatically be informed of this by the LISTSERV server. This
- command is similar to the AFD command, except you will only be
- sent notification of an update rather than the updated file or
- package itself. You may subscribe to any number of files for
- packages from any filelist with the FUI command. You may also
- review or delete your subscriptions at any LISTSERV server. The
- options parameter must be one of the following:
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 82]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- ADD filename filetype <filelist> <PW= password>
- The ADD option allows you to subscribe to a file or package by
- adding an FUI to it. The filename and filetype parameters
- identify a file or package to which you want to add an FUI
- subscription. The filelist option allows you to specify the
- name of the filelist in which it is located. If this is not
- given in the command, LISTSERV will locate the filelist through
- a search of its own internal filelist index.
-
- DELete filename filetype <filelist> <PW= password>
- Remove your subscription from a file or package for which you
- have an FUI. The filename and filetype parameters identify a
- file or package to which you want to delete an FUI. The
- filelist option allows you to specify the name of the filelist
- in which it is located. If this is not specified in the
- command, LISTSERV will locate the filelist through a search of
- its own internal filelist index.
-
- List
- The List option shows the files or packages for which you
- currently have an FUI subscription at a LISTSERV server.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | Query File filename filetype <filelist> <(FLags> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- This command can be used to get update information on various
- files. Update information about the file or package specified in
- the filename and filetype parameters will be given. Optionally,
- you may include a filelist name in the filelist parameter. If it
- is omitted, LISTSERV will locate the filelist through a search of
- its own internal filelist index. You may also specify the (FLags
- option to display additional technical data about the file (which
- can be useful when reporting problems to LISTSERV administrators).
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | PW options |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- The PW command enables you to add, change or delete a personal
- password on any LISTSERV server. A personal password is designed
- to give you added command security on a LISTSERV since it helps
- prevent impostors using your e-mail address. The use of personal
- passwords is strongly encouraged for this reason. Every server
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 83]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- will accept a password registration request from you at any time.
- Passwords are comprised of one to eight alphanumeric characters.
- You may change or delete your password at any time. The options
- parameter must be one of the following:
-
- ADD new-password
- Add a new personal password on the LISTSERV processing your
- command. Once you have registered a password on a LISTSERV
- server, you will be obliged to use the PW= command keyword in
- the commands where it appears as an option.
-
- CHange old-password new-password
- Change your personal password on a LISTSERV server where you
- already have one.
-
- DELete old-password
- Remove your personal password from a LISTSERV where you already
- have one. Once you have removed a password from a LISTSERV
- server, you will no longer be obliged to use the PW= command
- keyword in the commands where it appears as an option.
-
- 11.4.3. LISTSERV DATABASE Functions
-
- LISTSERV provides the facility for users to retrieve old mail that
- has been distributed on mailing lists. Each mailing list has an
- associated database (called a notebook or list archive database)
- in which list mail is stored. Note that databases may not be
- maintained for every mailing list, this is done at the discretion
- of a list owner. The notebook databases are the most commonly used
- of the LISTSERV databases. However, every LISTSERV server also has
- a database of all the EARN/Bitnet computer nodes (called the
- BITEARN database). This is available to all LISTSERV users. The
- backbone LISTSERV servers also have a database of all the LISTSERV
- computer nodes (called the PEERS database). In addition to these
- databases, a LISTSERV server may have any number of different
- databases that have been created locally. To find out what
- databases are accessible at a particular LISTSERV site, send
- following command to that server:
-
- DATABASE LIST
-
- To perform a database search, you can send mail to LISTSERV
- containing a batch database job which contains your database
- query. In addition, EARN/Bitnet users on VM or VMS systems can
- access the database facilities interactively via the LDBASE
- program. For more details on the LISTSERV database facilities,
- send an Info DATABASE command to your nearest (or any) LISTSERV
- server (see the section Commands for INFORMATION) or consult the
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 84]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- LISTSERV DATABASE Functions chapter in the LISTSERV User Guide.
-
- 11.4.4. Commands for INFORMATION:
-
- The LISTSERV server can provide a diverse range of information to
- the general user. This includes help files, release levels of the
- server and important configuration files, statistics and
- information pertaining to the EARN/Bitnet network. When sending
- these commands to LISTSERV, they must be addressed to the server
- and not to any mailing lists it may manage. For those commands
- that result in files being sent to the requestor (for example the
- Info command), the format of the file can be specified by the
- optional command keyword F= in the command text (see the section
- LISTSERV Command Keywords for more information).
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | Help |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use this command to get a brief description of the most commonly
- used LISTSERV commands and also the name and e-mail address of the
- server's postmaster.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | Info <topic> <F= format> |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use this command to get an informational (or help) file from a
- LISTSERV server. The topic option should specify the topic for
- which an informational file will be sent to you. You may get a
- list of valid topics by sending the Info command with no
- parameters to your nearest (or any) LISTSERV.
-
- 11.5. Examples
-
- You wish to subscribe to the EARNEWS list which is located at the
- node FRMOP11. Your full name is Mark P. Waugh. Send the following
- command to LISTSERV@FRMOP11.CNUSC.FR (or LISTSERV@FRMOP11.BITNET):
-
- SUBSCRIBE EARNEWS Mark P. Waugh
-
- You wish to leave the INFO-MAC mailing list (to which you have
- already subscribed) at the node CEARN (or CEARN.CERN.FR). The
- command:
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 85]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- UNSUBSCRIBE INFO-MAC
-
- should be sent to the LISTSERV server at CEARN (or CEARN.CERN.FR)
- which manages the INFO-MAC list. To leave all the LISTSERV lists you
- belong to throughout the network, send the following command to your
- nearest (or any) LISTSERV:
-
- UNSUBSCRIBE * (NETWIDE
-
- You wish to receive a listing of all mailing lists that have the text
- europe in their name or title. Send the following command to your
- nearest (or any) LISTSERV server:
-
- LIST GLOBAL EUROPE
-
- You want to stop receiving mail from all the lists at SEARN (or
- SEARN.SUNET.SE) to which you belong. Send the following command to
- the LISTSERV server at SEARN (or SEARN.SUNET.SE):
-
- SET * NOMAIL
-
- You have received a message from the LISTSERV server at IRLEARN (or
- IRLEARN.UCD.IE) asking you to confirm your subscription to the EARN-
- UG list. Send the following command to that server:
-
- CONFIRM EARN-UG
-
- You wish to receive a listing of the files in the DOC FILELIST The
- command:
-
- INDEX DOC
-
- should be sent to the LISTSERV server at EARNCC (or EARNCC.EARN.NET)
- where this filelist is located. Note that the above command is the
- same as issuing a GET DOC FILELIST command.
-
- You wish to retrieve the file PCPROG ZIP from a filelist and have it
- sent to you in XXE file format. Send the following command to the
- LISTSERV server that holds this file:
-
- GET PCPROG ZIP F=XXE
-
- You want to retrieve all the files that make up a package called
- PROGRAM (as listed in a file called PROGRAM $PACKAGE) from a filelist
- called SAMPLE. Send the command:
-
- GET PROGRAM PACKAGE SAMPLE
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 86]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- You wish to subscribe to a file called BUGDET MEMO in a filelist
- called EXPENSES with an AFD:
-
- AFD ADD BUDGET MEMO EXPENSES
-
- To subscribe to a file called VM EMAIL in the DOC FILELIST with an
- FUI, you would send the following command to LISTSERV at node EARNCC
- (or EARNCC.EARN.NET):
-
- FUI ADD VM EMAIL DOC
-
- 11.6. Learning more about LISTSERV
-
- A standard set of help files are available upon request from each
- LISTSERV server. To get a copy of these files, use the INFO command
- (see the section Commands for INFORMATION).
-
- Detailed documentation on LISTSERV (and related services) is
- available from the DOC FILELIST at LISTSERV@EARNCC.EARN.NET (or
- LISTSERV@EARNCC.BITNET). This includes the LISTSERV User Guide which
- is available in both postscript and plain text formats. To obtain a
- list of available documents use the INDex command (see the section
- Commands for FILES).
-
- There are several mailing lists for discussion of technical LISTSERV
- issues. They are not intended for casual users, but they should be of
- interest to advanced users. They are:
-
- LSTSRV-L Technical forum on LISTSERV
-
- LSTOWN-L LISTSERV list owners' forum
-
- LDBASE-L Forum on LISTSERV database search capabilities
-
- 12. NETNEWS (USENET)
-
- 12.1. What is NETNEWS
-
- Netnews, or Usenet as it is more commonly called, is a message
- sharing system that exchanges messages electronically around the
- world in a standard format. Messages exchanged on Usenet are arranged
- by topic into categories called newsgroups. Netnews is, thus, a huge
- collection of messages, being passed from machine to machine. The
- messages may contain both plain text and encoded binary information.
- The messages also contain header lines that define who the message
- came from, when the message was posted, where it was posted, where it
- has passed, and other administrative information.
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 87]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- The major, hierarchical categories of Usenet newsgroups which are
- distributed throughout the world are alt, comp, misc, news, rec, sci,
- soc, and talk. There are many other major categories which may be
- topical (e.g., bionet, biz, vmsnet) and are usually distributed
- worldwide as well, or geographical and even organizational (e.g.,
- ieee) or commercial (e.g., clari). The latter categories are usually
- distributed only with their area of interest. The messages of many
- Bitnet LISTSERV mailing lists are also distributed in Usenet under
- the major category bit.
-
- The major categories are further broken down into more than 1200
- newsgroups on different subjects which range from education for the
- disabled to Star Trek and from environmental science to politics in
- the former Soviet Union. The quality of the discussion in newsgroups
- is not guaranteed to be high. Some newsgroups have a moderator who
- scans the messages for the group before they are distributed and
- decides which ones are appropriate for distribution.
-
- Usenet was originally developed for Unix systems in 1979. Within a
- year, fifty Unix sites were participating. Now, there are thousands
- of sites running a number of operating systems on a variety of
- hardware platforms communicating via Usenet around the globe.
-
- 12.2. Who can use NETNEWS
-
- Usenet newsgroups can be read at thousands of sites around the world.
- In addition, there are several sites that provide public dial-up
- service so that people who are not at a Usenet site can have access
- to newsgroups as well. If you don't know if your site has Usenet
- access, check with your local computer support people.
-
- Protocols and software for the distribution of news are in use in
- several networks, such as the Internet, UUCP, EARN/Bitnet and
- Fidonet.
-
- If you have e-mail service only, then you can not access Usenet.
- However, many newsgroups are connected to mailing lists which you
- could join. For a list of these newsgroups and their associated
- mailing lists, send mail to LISTSERV@AMERICAN.EDU with the line: GET
- NETGATE GATELIST. Moreover, many of the documents which appear
- periodically in newsgroups are available by e-mail from
- mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu. For instructions, send a message with the
- subject: HELP.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 88]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 12.3. How to get to NETNEWS
-
- If your site provides Usenet access, then you just need to use one of
- the many software packages available for reading news (at least one
- is probably available on your computer). These packages either access
- a local news spool, or use the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
- to access the news spool on some other computer in the network.
-
- Within EARN, a network of Netnews distribution has been developed,
- providing efficient distribution of Usenet traffic while minimizing
- the load on the network for the participating countries.
-
- If Usenet is not available to you and you would like to arrange
- access for your site, contact your system administrator. You should
- also read the article How to become a USENET site which is posted
- periodically to the news.answers newsgroup. It is also available by
- anonymous FTP from rtfm.mit.edu as
- /pub/usenet/news.answers/site-setup or by mail to:
- mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the line: send
- usenet/news.answers/site-setup.
-
- 12.4. Using NETNEWS
-
- There are many software packages available for reading and
- distributing Netnews on a variety of operating systems (Unix, VMS,
- VM/CMS, MVS, Macintosh, MS-DOS and OS/2) and environments (Emacs,
- X-Windows, MS-Windows). See the list of freely available news reader
- software packages in Appendix A. Note that the number of software
- packages available to run news, especially on PCs, is increasing.
-
- In addition to the software packages specifically designed to be news
- readers, many other communications programs, particular mail
- interfaces, provide the possibility for Usenet access in addition to
- their main function.
-
- Most, if not all, of the news readers provide the same basic
- abilities:
-
- * Subscribing to newsgroups: This means that your news reading
- software will make these groups immediately accessible, so that
- you can choose to read the postings of groups that interest you
- quickly and easily.
-
- * Unsubscribing from newsgroups: Removing groups from your easy
- access list.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 89]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- * Reading newsgroup postings: Your news reader presents postings
- to you and keeps track of which postings you have and have not
- read.
-
- * Threads of discussion: You can follow groups of postings that
- deal with the same subject easily.
-
- * Posting to news groups: You can participate in group
- discussions; your news reader knows where to send your posting.
-
- * Responding to a posting: You can send a response to the
- newsgroup (often called follow-up) or to the author of a posting
- (often called reply).
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 90]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 12.5. Examples
-
- When you enter the tin news reader, you get a listing of the
- newsgroups to which you are subscribed:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Group Selection (9) h=help
-
- 1 30637 bit.listserv.novell local list
- 2 1106 comp.mail.misc General discussions about compu
- 3 8031 comp.protocols.tcp-ip TCP and IP network protocols.
- 4 840 comp.sys.mac
- 5 8789 news.answers Repository for periodic USENET
- -> 6 29 news.lists News-related statistics and lis
- 7 15056 rec.woodworking Hobbyists interested in woodwor
- 8 7094 sci.psychology Topics related to psychology.
- 9 13093 soc.culture.celtic Celtic, Irish, & Welsh culture
-
-
- *** End of Groups ***
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- In tin, selecting a newsgroup is done with the arrow keys. When you
- select a group, you get a listing of the articles:
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- comp.mail.misc (41T 64A 0K 0H) h=help
-
- 1 + RIPEM Frequently Noted Vulnerabilities Marc VanHeyningen
- 2 + RIPEM Frequently Asked Questions Marc VanHeyningen
- 3 + Mail Archive Server software list Jonathan I. Kamen
- 4 + 1 UNIX Email Software Survey FAQ Chris Lewis
- 5 + 2 PC Eudora and Trumpet Winsock problem Jim Graham
- 6 + X11 mail reader Dominique Marant
- 7 + MIME supporting e-mail Tim Goodwin
- 8 + 1 IBM User name and Address Server Wes Spears
- 9 + 5 Newbie needs MHS/SMTP question answered Chris Pearce
- 10 + FAQ - pine Bruce Lilly
- 11 + FAQ: International E-mail accessibility Olivier M.J. Crep
- -> 12 + PC E-Mail and Dial-in Edward Vielmetti
- 13 + Prodigy Mail Manager "01/07" an33127@anon.pene
- 14 + Prodigy Mail Manager "02/07" an33127@anon.pene
- 15 + Prodigy Mail Manager "03/07" an33127@anon.pene
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 91]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- tins is a threaded news reader: replies to a posting are grouped
- together with the original posting, so that the reader can follow a
- thread of discussion. Above, you see the threads, the number of
- replies in each thread, the subject and the author. The plus sign (+)
- indicates that not all postings in the thread have been read. Other
- news readers show other details. When you select an item, it appears
- on your screen:
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Wed, 01 Sep 1993 07:05:49 comp.mail.misc Thread 13 of 41
- Lines 27 Re: PC E-Mail and Dial-in No responses
- emv@garnet.msen.com Edward Vielmetti at Msen, Inc. -- Ann Arbor
-
- Sherry H. Lake (slake@mason1.gmu.edu) wrote:
-
- : I am looking for an email package that will allow a user to
- : dial-in to his mail machine download any messages to his local
- : PC, delete the messages from the server and then automatically
- : sign him off. The user can then use his client software (local)
- : to read, compose and reply. He then would have to dial-in again
- : to so his outgoing mail will be uploaded to the server.
- Various POP clients for PCs or Windows Sockets will do roughly
- this. You should look at:
-
- - NUPOP (MS-DOS)
- - Eudora for Windows (Windows)
- - WinQVT/Net (Windows)
- - various commercial POP clients listed in the 'alt.winsock'
- directory of commercial Windows systems
-
- You'll want to look particularly for dial up IP software (SLIP or
- PPP) that makes the process of connecting minimally onerous, e.g.
- by scripting the session so that the users don't have to type
- anything, perhaps by automatically dialing for you when you go to
- read or otherwise open a network connection, and offering a
- reasonable way to disconnect.
-
- Edward Vielmetti, vice president for research, Msen Inc.
- emv@Msen.com Msen Inc., 628 Brooks, Ann Arbor MI 48103
- +1 313 998 4562 (fax: 998 4563)
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 92]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 12.6. Learning more about NETNEWS
-
- News programs communicate with each other according to standard
- protocols, some of which are described by Internet Request For
- Comments (RFC). Copies of RFCs are often posted to the network and
- obtainable from archive sites. Current news-related RFCs include the
- following:
-
- RFC 977 specifies NNTP, the Network News Transfer Protocol,
-
- RFC 1036 specifies the format of Usenet articles.
-
- Some newsgroups carry articles and discussions on the use of Usenet,
- notably: news.announce.newusers, news.answers and
- news.newusers.questions.
-
- Many of the articles which appear periodically in these newsgroups or
- in others are also available from rtfm.mit.edu by anonymous FTP or by
- mail to: mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
-
- 13. OTHER TOOLS OF INTEREST
-
- 13.1. ASTRA
-
- 13.1.1. What is ASTRA
-
- The ASTRA service allows users to retrieve documents from databases
- known by ASTRA throughout the network. Users can send their queries
- to the ASTRA server which in turn forwards the query to the related
- database servers. This provides an easy-to-use uniform access method
- to a large number of databases.
-
- ASTRA provides the same user interface for all databases it can
- access, even if the database servers have different access languages,
- such as STAIRS, ISIS or SQL.
-
- Each database defined in ASTRA has an abstract which holds
- information about the database: title, name of the maintainers, a
- brief description of the database, the main topics of the database
- and its language. Users are advised to look at the abstracts before
- sending requests, to avoid sending requests to the wrong databases.
-
- Some databases actually combine several different databases that deal
- with the same topics. When a user sends a request for such a
- database, the request is forwarded to all related databases.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 93]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 13.1.2. How to get to ASTRA
-
- Anyone who can send electronic mail to EARN/Bitnet can access ASTRA.
- Interactive user interfaces (clients) to ASTRA are available for VM
- and VMS systems on the EARN/Bitnet network. For all other users,
- there is a batch language that permits batch queries using e-mail.
-
- Currently there are five ASTRA servers installed at the following
- addresses:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | ASTRADB@ICNUCEVM.BITNET or ASTRADB@VM.CNUCE.CNR.IT |
- | ASTRASQL@ICNUCEVM.BITNET or ASTRASQL@VM.CNUCE.CNR.IT |
- | ASTRADB@IFIBDP.BITNET |
- | ASTRADB@IFIIDG.BITNET or ASTRADB@IDG.FI.CNR.IT |
- | ASTRADB@IRMKANT.BITNET or ASTRADB@IRMKANT.RM.CNR.IT |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- 13.1.3. Learning more about ASTRA
-
- An extensive help file is available by sending the command HELP to
- ASTRADB@VM.CNUCE.CNR.IT (or ASTRADB@ICNUCEVM.BITNET).
-
- The LISTSERV list ASTRA-UG is used for the distribution of a
- newsletter about new databases or new versions of the current
- databases. To subscribe, send the command:
-
- SUB ASTRA-UG Your Name
-
- to LISTSERV@VM.CNUCE.CNR.IT (or LISTSERV@ICNUCEVM.BITNET).
-
- An ASTRA newsletter is also available by sending the command NEWS to
- ASTRADB@VM.CNUCE.CNR.IT (or ASTRADB@ICNUCEVM.BITNET).
-
- The developers of the ASTRA service may be contacted at:
- ASTRA@ICNUCEVM.CNUCE.CNR.IT (or ASTRA@ICNUCEVM.BITNET).
-
- 13.2. NETSERV
-
- 13.2.1 What is NETSERV
-
- NETSERV is a server, which allows fast access to data files and
- programs of interest to the EARN/Bitnet community. NETSERV provides a
- file repository consisting of information files and programs. It
- allows users to retrieve files, to store files and to subscribe to
- the files of their choice. The latter two functions however, require
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 94]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- that the user have a password for NETSERV (this is called a
- privileged user).
-
- In order to achieve a balanced load on the network and a faster
- response time to users, NETSERV uses a distributed server concept:
- this is achieved by the installation of a large number of servers on
- the network to ensure that the user can locate a nearby server. All
- servers communicate with each other to distribute updated information
- and make it available from each copy of the server.
-
- NETSERV's file server functions include retrieving any file present
- in its filelists, storing new versions of a file, and subscribing to
- files stored on the server. Its file directories are arranged in an
- hierarchical method, with NETSERV FILELIST being on top or at the
- root of the filelists. This filelist can be obtained by sending a GET
- NETSERV FILELIST command to any NETSERV. Filelists contain short
- descriptions of the files, and two access codes for each file. These
- codes represent the get and put privileges required for that file.
- These codes are explained at the beginning of the NETSERV FILELIST
- file.
-
- 13.2.2 How to get to NETSERV
-
- The server is available in almost every country. To find the closest
- server for your area send a QUERY SERVICE command to a server. The
- following are examples of NETSERV server addresses:
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | NETSERV@FRMOP11.BITNET or NETSERV@FRMOP11.CNUSC.FR |
- | NETSERV@HEARN.BITNET or NETSERV@HEARN.NIC.SURFNET.NL |
- | NETSERV@BITNIC.BITNET or NETSERV@BITNIC.CREN.NET |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- In EARN, there is only one NETSERV permitted for one country.
- However, in some limited cases, such as when the country has a large
- number of nodes, additional servers may be installed. In any case,
- the user is not required to run NETSERV to be able to access and use
- the server.
-
- NETSERV accepts e-mail access from users on any network. Commands to
- NETSERV should be placed in the body of the mail file, and not in the
- Subject: line.
-
- For users in the EARN/Bitnet network, NETSERV is accessible via
- interactive message. Commands from privileged users requiring a
- password must be sent this way.
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 95]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- NETSERV does not have delivery limitations, except that a file
- ordered from NETSERV cannot be ordered again on the same day.
-
- 13.2.3. Learning more about NETSERV
-
- The server provides a large helpfile which can be obtained by
- sending a GET NETSERV HELPFILE command to any NETSERV.
-
- A list for NETSERV maintainers is available as
- NETSRV-M@HEARN.NIC.SURFNET.NL (or NETSRV-M@HEARN.BITNET).
-
- Additional information can be obtained from the NETSERV maintainer,
- Ulrich Giese at U001212@HEARN.NIC.SURFNET.NL (or
- U001212@HEARN.BITNET).
-
- 13.3. MAILBASE
-
- 13.3.1. What is MAILBASE
-
- MAILBASE is an electronic information service with much of the same
- functionality as LISTSERV. It allows United Kingdom groups to manage
- their own discussion topics (Mailbase lists) and associated files.
- The Mailbase service is run as part of the JANET Networked
- Information Services Project (NISP) based at Newcastle University.
-
- 13.3.2. How to get to MAILBASE
-
- Commands should be sent in an electronic mail message to
- mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk. More than one command may appear in a
- message to Mailbase. Commands may be in any order, in UPPER, lower,
- or MiXeD case.
-
- 13.3.3 Learning more about MAILBASE
-
- For a summary of Mailbase commands, send the command help in an
- e-mail message to mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk. For a list of on-line
- documentation about Mailbase, send the command: index mailbase.
-
- You can then use the send command to retrieve those documents that
- interest you. E.g., to retrieve a file of frequently asked questions,
- send the following command: send mailbase user-faq.
-
- User support is also available by sending queries in an e-mail
- message to: mailbase-helpline@mailbase.ac.uk
-
- Public files on Mailbase are also available by anonymous FTP to
- mailbase.ac.uk
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 96]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 13.4. PROSPERO
-
- 13.4.1. What is PROSPERO
-
- PROSPERO is a distributed file system. It differs from traditional
- distributed file systems in several ways. In traditional file
- systems, the mapping of names to files is the same for all users.
- Prospero supports user centered naming: users construct customized
- views of the files that are accessible. A virtual system defines this
- view and controls the mapping from names to files. Objects may be
- organized in multiple ways and the same object may appear in
- different virtual systems, or even with multiple names in the same
- virtual system.
-
- In Prospero, the global file system consists of a collection of
- virtual file systems. Virtual file systems usually start as a copy of
- a prototype. The root contains links to files or directories selected
- by the user.
-
- The Prospero file system provides tools that make it easier to keep
- track of and organize information in large systems. When first
- created, your virtual file system is likely to contain links to
- directories that organize information in different ways. As the
- master copy of each of these directories is updated, you will see the
- changes. You may customize these directories. The changes you make to
- a customized directory are only seen from within your own virtual
- system, but changes made to the master copy will also be visible to
- you.
-
- Users are encouraged to organize their own projects and papers in a
- manner that will allow them to be easily added to the master
- directory. For example, users should consider creating a virtual
- directory that contains pointers to copies of each of the papers that
- they want made available to the outside world. This virtual directory
- may appear anywhere in the user's virtual system. Once set up, a link
- may be added to the master author directory. In this manner, others
- will be able to find this directory. Once added to the master
- directory, any future changes will be immediately available to other
- users.
-
- 13.4.2. How to get to PROSPERO
-
- In order to use Prospero, you must be on the international TCP/IP
- network (the Internet) and you must have Prospero running on your
- computer.
-
- Before you can begin using the Prospero file system a virtual system
- must be created for you. However, Prospero, as shipped, is configured
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 97]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- so that once you compile the clients you can type: vfsetup guest and
- start working right out of the box using a guest virtual system at
- the USC Information Sciences Institute.
-
- The latest version of PROSPERO is available as file prospero.tar.Z
- for anonymous FTP from prospero.isi.edu in the directory
- /pub/prospero.
-
- 13.4.3. Learning more about PROSPERO
-
- Prospero is being developed by Clifford Newman. Several documents and
- articles describing Prospero by Newman and others are available.
-
- The following files are available via anonymous FTP from
- prospero.isi.edu. They are also available through Prospero.
-
- * Anonymous FTP: /pub/papers/prospero/prospero-oir.ps.Z,
-
- * Prospero:
- /papers/subjects/operating-systems/prospero/prospero-oir.ps.Z.
-
- This is a useful first paper to read. It gives a good overview of
- Prospero and what it does. It also describes a bit about the Virtual
- System model, of which Prospero is a prototype implementation. It
- describes what Prospero does, not how it does it.
-
- * Anonymous FTP: /pub/papers/prospero/prospero-bii.ps.Z,
-
- * Prospero:
- /papers/subjects/operating-systems/prospero/prospero-bii.ps.Z.
-
- This paper describes how Prospero can be used to integrate Internet
- information services, including Gopher, WAIS, archie, and World-Wide
- Web.
-
- 13.5. IRC
-
- 13.5.1. What is IRC
-
- IRC, Internet Relay Chat, is a real-time conversational system. It is
- similar to the talk command which is available on many machines in
- the Internet. IRC does everything talk does, but it allows more than
- 2 users to talk at once, with access throughout the global Internet.
- It also provides many other useful features.
-
- IRC is networked over much of North America, Europe, and Asia. When
- you are talking in IRC, everything you type will instantly be
- transmitted around the world to other users who are connected at the
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 98]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- time. They can then type something and respond to your messages.
-
- Topics of discussion on IRC are varied. Technical and political
- discussions are popular, especially when world events are in
- progress. IRC is also a way to expand your horizons, as people from
- many countries and cultures are on, 24 hours a day. Most
- conversations are in English, but there are always channels in
- German, Japanese, and Finnish, and occasionally other languages.
-
- 13.5.2. How to get to IRC
-
- Clients and servers for IRC are available via anonymous FTP from
- cs.bu.edu. A few sites offer public access to IRC via Telnet. Two
- such sites are wbrt.wb.psu.edu and irc.demon.co.uk. At both sites,
- you should log in as irc.
-
- The many server hosts of Internet Relay Chat throughout the network
- are connected via a tree structure. The various servers relay control
- and message data among themselves to advertise the existence of other
- servers, users, and the channels and other resources being occupied
- by those users.
-
- Fundamental to the operation of IRC is the concept of a channel. All
- users are on a channel while inside IRC. You enter the null channel
- first. You cannot send any messages until you enter a chatting
- channel, unless you have set up a private conversation in some way.
- The number of channels is essentially unlimited.
-
- 13.5.3. Learning more about IRC
-
- To get help while in IRC, type /help and follow the instructions.
-
- If you have problems, you can contact Christopher Davis (ckd@eff.org)
- or Helen Rose (hrose@eff.org) - known on IRC as ckd and Trillian,
- respectively. You can also ask for help on some of the operator
- channels on IRC, for example #twilight_zone and #eu-opers.
-
- Various documents on IRC, and the archives of IRC-related mailing
- lists, are available via anonymous FTP from ftp.kei.com.
-
- 13.6. RELAY
-
- 13.6.1. What is RELAY
-
- The RELAY server system is a set of servers in the global EARN/Bitnet
- network which broadcast interactive messages from one user to other
- users signed on to the same channel of the RELAY system. A user
- signed on to the closest available RELAY is also virtually signed on
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 99]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- to all RELAYs which are linked to it. Most RELAYs are closed during
- peak hours. Only some RELAYs are up 24 hours a day.
-
- Each RELAY server provides service to a specific collection of one or
- more nodes designated as a service area. The functions of RELAY are
- available to EARN/Bitnet users with access to interactive messages
- who have not been expressly excluded from the system by RELAY
- management.
-
- RELAY is a program which allows several people to talk at the same
- time. In order to start, you must sign on to a RELAY to place your
- ID in the current user list. You communicate with RELAY through
- messages just as you would send messages to a user. RELAY commands
- start with a slash (/) character; anything not beginning with a slash
- is considered a message and is sent back out to all other current
- users.
-
- 13.6.2. How to get to RELAY
-
- RELAY is available at the following EARN/Bitnet addresses, and
- others. The nickname of the RELAY machine is in parentheses.
-
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | |
- | RELAY@ASUACAD (Sun_Devils) RELAY@PURCCVM (Purdue) |
- | RELAY@AUVM (Wash_DC) RELAY@SEARN (Stockholm) |
- | RELAY@BEARN (Belgium) RELAY@TAMVM1 (Aggieland) |
- | RELAY@BNANDP11 (Namur) RELAY@TAUNIVM (Israel) |
- | RELAY@CEARN (Geneva) RELAY@TECMTYVM (Monterrey) |
- | RLY@CORNELLC (Ithaca_NY) RELAY@TREARN (EgeRelay |
- | RELAY@CZHRZU1A (Zurich) MASRELAY@UBVM (Buffalo) |
- | RELAY@DEARN (Germany) RELAY@UFRJ (RioJaneiro) |
- | RELAY@DKTC11 (Copenhagen) RELAY@UIUCVMD (Urbana_IL) |
- | RELAY@FINHUTC (Finland) RELAY@USCVM (LosAngeles) |
- | RELAY@GITVM1 (Atlanta) RELAY@UTCVM (Tennessee) |
- | RELAY@GREARN (Hellas) RELAY@UWAVM (Seattle) |
- | RELAY@HEARN (Holland) RELAY@VILLVM (Philadelph) |
- | RELAY@ITESMVF1 (Mexico) RELAY@VMTECQRO (Queretaro) |
- | RELAY@JPNSUT00 (Tokyo) RELAY@VTBIT (Va_Tech) |
- | RELAY@NDSUVM1 (No_Dakota) RELAY@WATDCS (Waterloo) |
- | RELAY@NYUCCVM (NYU) RELAY@YALEVM (Yale) |
- | |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- RELAY is available to users on the EARN/Bitnet network via
- interactive message (e.g., the TELL command of VM or the SEND command
- of VMS/JNET). All RELAY server machines are on IBM VM/CMS systems,
- but you do not have to be a VM user in order to use RELAY. If you are
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 100]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- not in the EARN/Bitnet network, you can not use RELAY.
-
- CHAT, a full-screen interface to send and receive TELL messages for
- VM systems, is particularly useful for users of RELAY. CHAT is
- available from any NETSERV.
-
- 13.6.3. Learning more about RELAY
-
- Upon registration, the files RELAY INFO and RELAY USERGUIDE are sent
- to the user. These two files give a comprehensive description of
- RELAY.
-
- A brief guide to RELAY is available from the EARN
- documentation filelist. Send mail to LISTSERV@EARNCC.EARN.NET (or
- LISTSERV@EARNCC.BITNET). In the body of the message, write: GET RELAY
- MEMO.
-
- 14. Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- 15. References
-
- Blue Book, Volume VIII - Fascicle VIII.8, Data Communication Networks
- Directory, Recommendations X.500-X.521, CCITT, 1988, ISBN 92-61-
- 03731-3
-
- Schwartz, M., and P. Tsirigotis, "Experience with a Semantically
- Cognizant Internet White Pages Directory Tool", Journal of
- Internetworking Research and Experience, March 1991, pp. 23-50.
-
- Kantor, B., and P. Lapsley, "Network News Transfer Protocol: A
- Proposed Standard for the Stream-Based Transmission of News", RFC
- 977, UC San Diego & UC Berkeley, February 1986.
-
- Horton, M., and R. Adams, "Standard for interchange of USENET
- messages", RFC 1036, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Center for Seismic
- Studies, December 1987.
-
- Lang, R., and R. Wright, "A Catalog of Available X.500
- Implementations", FYI 11, RFC 1292, SRI International, Lawrence
- Berkeley Laboratory, January 1992.
-
- Weider, C., and J. Reynolds, "Executive Introduction to Directory
- Services Using the X.500 Protocol", FYI 13, RFC 1308, ANS, ISI, March
- 1992.
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 101]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Weider, C., Reynolds, J., and S. Heker, "Technical Overview of
- Directory Services Using the X.500 Protocol", FYI 14, RFC 1309, ANS,
- ISI, JvNC, March 1992.
-
- Williamson, S., "Transition and Modernization of the Internet
- Registration Service", RFC 1400, Network Solutions, Inc., March 1993.
-
- 16. Acknowledgements
-
- The work of many people is reflected here, but we owe our greatest
- debt of thanks to the developers and authors of the network tools and
- documentation. Their work serves as the basis for this guide.
-
- 17. Author's Address
-
- EARN Staff
- Daniele Bovio
- Ulrich Giese
- Nadine Grange
- Turgut Kalfaoglu
- Greg Lloyd
- David Sitman
- EARN Office
- PSI - Batiment 211
- 91405 Orsay CEDEX
- France
-
- Phone: +33 1 6941 2426
- Fax: +33 1 6941 6683
- EMail: earndoc@earncc.earn.net
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 102]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- 18. Appendix A - Freely available networking software
-
- Below you will find the location of client software for several of
- the tools described in this guide (Gopher, WWW, WAIS and Netnews).
- This is not a complete listing of available software for any of these
- tools.
-
- 18.1 Gopher clients
-
- Environment FTP site & directory Comments
-
- Unix boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/Unix
-
- VMS boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/VMS
-
- job.acs.ohio-state.edu
- XGOPHER_CLIENT.SHARE for Wollongong or UCX
-
- VM/CMS boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/Rice_CMS
-
- boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/VieGOPHER
-
- MVS boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/mvs
-
- Macintosh boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/Macintosh-TurboGopher
-
- ftp.cc.utah.edu
- /pub/gopher/Macintosh requires MacTCP
-
- ftp.bio.indiana.edu
- /util/gopher/gopherapp requires MacTCP
-
- OS/2 boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/os2
-
- MS-DOS boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/PC_client requires packet driver
-
- oac.hsc.uth.tmc.edu
- /public/dos/misc dosgopher, for PC/TCP
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 103]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- bcm.tmc.edu
- /nfs/gopher.exe for PC-NFS
-
- lennon.itn.med.umich.edu
- /dos/gopher for LAN Workplace for DOS
-
- MS-Windows sunsite.unc.edu
- /pub/micro/pc-stuff/ms-windows/winsock/apps Gopherbook
-
- X-Windows boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/Unix xgopher (Athena widgets)
-
- boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/Unix moog (Motif)
-
- boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/Unix/xvgopher or Xview
-
- NeXT boombox.micro.umn.edu
- /pub/gopher/NeXT
-
- 18.2. World-Wide Web clients
-
- Environment FTP site & directory Comments
-
- Unix info.cern.ch
- /pub/www/src WWW line-mode browser
-
- ftp2.cc.ukans.edu
- /pub/WWW/lynx Lynx browser for vt100 terminals
-
- archive.cis.ohio-state.edu
- /pub/w3browser tty-based browser written in perl
-
- VMS info.cern.ch
- /pub/www/bin/vms port of NCSA Mosaic for X
-
- Macintosh info.cern.src
- /pub/www/bin/mac requires MacTCP
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 104]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- MS-Windows fatty.law.cornell.edu Cello
- /pub/LII/Cello
-
- Emacs moose.cs.indiana.edu
- /pub/elisp/w3
-
- X-Windows info.cern.ch
- /pub/www/src tkWWW Browser/Editor
-
- info.cern.ch
- /pub/www/src MidasWWW Browser for X/Motif
-
- info.cern.ch
- /pub/www/src ViolaWWW Browser for X11
-
- ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu
- /Web NCSA Mosaic Browser for X11/Motif
-
- NeXT info.cern.ch
- /pub/www/bin/next Browser and Editor
-
- 18.3. WAIS clients
-
- Environment FTP site & directory Comments
-
- Unix ftp.wais.com
- /pub/freeware/unix-src swais
-
- VMS ftp.wais.com
- /pub/freeware/vms
-
- MVS ftp.wais.com
- /pub/freeware/ibm-mvs
-
- Macintosh ftp.wais.com
- /pub/freeware/mac
-
- OS/2 ftp.wais.com
- /pub/freeware/os2
-
- MS-DOS sunsite.unc.edu
- /pub/wais/DOS
-
- hilbert.wharton.upenn.edu
- /pub/tcpip PCWAIS
-
- MS-Windows ftp.wais.com
- /pub/freeware/windows WNWAIS
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 105]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- ftp.cnidr.org
- /pub/NIDR.tools/wais/pc/windows
-
- Emacs ftp.wais.com
- /pub/freeware/unix-src gwais
-
- X-Windows ftp.wais.com
- /pub/freeware/unix-src xwais
-
- NeXT ftp.wais.com
- /pub/freeware/next
-
- 18.4. Netnews - news reader software
-
- Environment FTP site Name & Comments
-
- Unix lib.tmc.edu rn also available via e-mail to:
- archive-server@bcn.tmc.edu
-
- ftp.coe.montana.edu trn
-
- dkuug.dk nn
-
- ftp.germany.eu.net tin
-
- VMS kuhub.cc.ukans.edu ANU-NEWS
-
- arizona.edu VMS/VNEWS
-
- VM/CMS psuvm.psu.edu NetNews
- also available from LISTSERV@PSUVM
-
- ftp.uni-stuttgart.de NNR
-
- cc1.kuleuven.ac.be VMNNTP
-
- MVS ftp.uni-stuttgart.de NNMVS
-
- Macintosh ftp.apple.com News
-
- MS-DOS ftp.utas.edu.au Trumpet
-
- MS-Windows ftp.utas.edu.au WTrumpet
-
- X-Windows many FTP sites xrn
-
- export.lcs.mit.edu xvnews
-
-
-
-
- EARN Staff [Page 106]
-
- RFC 1580 Guide to Network Resource Tools March 1994
-
-
- Emacs most GNU sites GNUS
- for use with GNU Emacs editor
-
- most GNU sites Gnews
- for use with GNU Emacs editor
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
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- EARN Staff [Page 107]
-
-